1. Rocks and the ROCK CYCLE

2. SEDIMENTARY ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK IGNEOUS ROCK Magma Sediments High Temperature High Pressure Melting Cooling Crystallization Weathering Erosion Lithification (compaction & cementation) Examples: sandstone Shale limestone Examples: slate marble gniess quartzite Examples: granite basalt pumice Examples: sand silt clay

3. Coal The Rock That Burns PEAT not a coal BITUMINOUS (soft coal) LIGNITE (brown coal) ANTHRACITE (hard coal) =SEDIMENTARY ROCK =METAMORPHIC ROCK Partially decayed plant matter in swamps and bogs; low heat content Low heat content; low sulfur content; limited supply in most areas Highly desirable fuel because if its high heat content; supplies are limited in most areas Extensively used as a fuel because of its high heat content and large supplies; normally has a high sulfur content heat & pressure

4. calcite shells limestone marble deposition lithification High heat & pressure

5. silicate sand sandstone quartzite deposition lithification High heat & pressure

6. silicate clay silt shale slate deposition lithification High heat & pressure

7. magma Granite gneiss Cooling & Crystallization High heat & pressure Mineral grains aligned in thick layers (foliation); less than 50%

8. magma Granite schist Cooling & Crystallization High heat & pressure Mineral grains aligned into thin layers (foliation); 50% or more basalt green stone Green schist Cooling & Crystallization heat & pressure More heat & pressure EXTRUSIVE (cools quickly) ENTRUSIVE (cools slowly)