1. Throw a monkey wrench into quantum mechanics Presenter: Rob Vucic STAO 2010

2. The Interferometer Michelson-Morley’s experiment proved that there is no ether

3. Einstein –cartoon physics Cartoon Book

4. Time Dilation Experiments – The Hafele–Keating experiment performed in 1971 – flying eastward, plane’s clock is moving faster than ground clock (the clock should run slower) – flying westward, plane’s clock is moving slower than ground clock (the clock should run faster) – A general relativity effect states that clocks run faster at higher altitudes (farther away in a gravitational field)

5. Time Dilation Experiments Predicted Nanosecond GainMeasured Nanosecond Gain Special Relativity General Relativity Total Effect eastward -184  18144  14-40  23-59  10 westward 96  10179  18275  21273  7 Original Experiment – 10% precision 1976 Experiment – 1 % precision 1996 Experiment - predicted 39.8 ns gain and measured a 39.0 ns gain

6. Time Dilation Experiments – The Pound-Rebka experiment performed in 1959 – Light travelling upward in the gravitational field of the earth should be red shifted – Light travelling downward in the gravitational field of the earth should be blue shifted – If an atom has electrons in the excited state, they release photons of specific energy – Those photons can re-excite the electrons but only if they are at the appropriate energy – If the photons are red shifted, then no excitation occurs

7. Time Dilation Experiments Original experiment 1959 – 10% precision Repeated by Pound-Snider – 1% precision Repeated with a hydrogen maser – 0.01% precision

8. Time Dilation In Practice 24 GPS satellites in earth orbit 20 000 km above earth with a period of about 12 hours and a speed of 14000 km/h Each satellite carries an atomic clock with an accuracy of 1 ns Use triangulation to determine position to within 5 m Need 20 – 30 ns accuracy to work On-board atomic clocks fall behind by about 7  s per day according to special relativity On-board atomic clocks run faster by about 45  s per day according to general relativity That is a 38  s or 38000 ns effect Thus we need to correct the clocks – otherwise the navigational position would be incorrect after 2 minutes... or 10 km each day

9. The adjustment factor See in handouts page 3

10. Other effects length contraction mass increase kinetic energy

11. e=mc 2 This is profound Matter can be converted into a lot of energy (i.e. nuclear fusion – 10 12 kJ/mol) Energy can be converted to mass...matter can be created

12. General Relativity There is no gravity Space-time 1919 Observation of stars in the vicinity of the sun during a total solar eclipse Gravity Probe B

13. Rutherford’s model of the atom is unstable

14. Michael Crichton’s Science at the end of a century – Introduction to Timeline Science at the end of a century – Introduction to Timeline

15. Blackbody Radiation phet app - http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/blackbo dy-spectrum http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/blackbo dy-spectrum Equinox black body radiation effect on communications http://books.google.ca/books?id=S2evvl1uZQoC &lpg=PA8&ots=8pvfd- 4z9b&dq=autumn%20equinox%20%2Btelevision %20interruption&pg=PA8 http://books.google.ca/books?id=S2evvl1uZQoC &lpg=PA8&ots=8pvfd- 4z9b&dq=autumn%20equinox%20%2Btelevision %20interruption&pg=PA8 Measuring plank’s constant

16. LED Experiment See in handouts on page 1-2

17. Photoelectric effect and Digital Cameras See in handouts page 4 and 5

18. Compton Effect Light has momentum

19. Pair Production and Annihilation Light can be transformed into matter and anti- matter

20. DeBroglie You have a wavelength

21. The Uncertainty Principle Quantum Teleportation http://www.cysjournal.ca/files/preview/CYSJ- 2-2010-preview.pdf http://www.cysjournal.ca/files/preview/CYSJ- 2-2010-preview.pdf

22. Particle Adventure http://www.particleadventure.org/

23. Books to read