1. Polymers Alex Stamm and Noah Brubaker June 29 th, 2011

2. Hydrocarbons ex: Alkanes  1 – Meth-  2 – Eth-  3 – Prop-  4 – But-  5 – Pent-  6 – Hex-  7 – Hept-  8 – Oct-  9 – Non-  10 – Dec-  11 – Undec-  12 – Dodec-

3. Hydrocarbons at Room Temperature  Gas  Methane  Ethane  Propane  Butane  Plastic  Liquid  Waxy 20 to 40 Carbons 5 to 19 Carbons 40 or more Carbons

4. Melting Point  As the length of hydrocarbons get longer, the Melting Point grows Higher. Why?

5. What other material properties change?  Viscosity  Hardness  Toughness  Flammability

6. Bonding  Covalent  Ionic (NaCl)  Polar (H 2 O)  Van der Waals

7. Rubber Tree  Sap:  Sticky  Viscous  Gooey  Goodyear  Experiment  Luck  Profit ($0)

8. Vulcanization

9. Time for an Activity!  Please find a partner.  Follow me into the hall.

10. Molecular Structure of Polymers  Linear  High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), PVC, Nylon, Cotton  Branched  Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)  Cross-linked  Rubber  Network  Kevlar, Epoxy

11. Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Chain Length : 1000 - 2000

12. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Chain Length : 10,000 – 100,000

13. Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) Helmet Gears Joint Replacement Chain Length : 2-6 million

14. Endless Possibilities  New Functional Groups  Different Polymer Backbones

15. Functional Groups

16. PVC – (polyvinyl chloride) Chain Length : 4,000 – 5,000 More Polar  Stronger Bonding

17. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) “Polyester” Chain Length : 4,000 – 8,000 Ester

18. Nylon

19. Cotton Long Strands of Cellulose + Hydrogen Bonds Cellulose is the most common organic material on earth! It is also a primary constituent of wood and paper.

20. Polymers in Biology DNA Sugar Starch Proteins

21. Kevlar Strong Network of Covalent Bonds And Polar Hydrogen Bonds

22. Time for another Activity!  How can we test which material is stronger?

23. Endless Possibilities  New Functional Groups  Different Polymer Backbones

24. Inorganic Polymers  Silicon (Si)

25. Inorganic Polymers  Silicon (Si)  Germanium (Ge)

26. Inorganic Polymers  Silicon (Si)  Germanium (Ge)  Boron-Nitrogen (B – N)

27. Inorganic Polymers  Silicon (Si)  Germanium (Ge)  Boron-Nitrogen (B – N)  Aluminum – Nitrogen (Al – N)  …  On and on

28. Conclusions:  Polymers make up all sorts of materials that are all around us!  They can have a huge range or material properties based on their:  Functional Groups  Structure  Backbone  Keep thinking about how chemical interactions on the nano-scale correspond to material properties on the macro-scale

29. Links  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recycling http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recycling  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_alkanes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_alkanes  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycondensation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycondensation  http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrg anic.htm http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrg anic.htm  http://www.ndt- ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer. htm http://www.ndt- ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer. htm  http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/materials/molecstru ctpropertiesrev3.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/materials/molecstru ctpropertiesrev3.shtml  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanization  http://www.scribd.com/doc/26766586/08-Polymers-Why-is-Rubber-Elastic http://www.scribd.com/doc/26766586/08-Polymers-Why-is-Rubber-Elastic  http://www.ndt- ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer. htm http://www.ndt- ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer. htm