1. Materials & Recycling Promoting Resource Efficiency in Construction South Ayrshire Sustainability Forum John Forbes – Scotland Manager. WRAP

2. Reduce raw material use Reduce waste Materials efficiency Reduce landfill Recycling Save resources Materials with recycled content A two thirds reduction in consumption of fossil fuels and virgin materials is needed to achieve a sustainable and globally equitable level WWF – “One planet living study” - 2004

3. WRAP’s construction focus To accelerate the transition of construction waste to a useful, recycled material  Waste minimisation and management  Reprocessing C&D wastes  Procurement of recycled content

4. R & D product development Capital investment in segregation and reprocessing Site waste management Technical advice Client and policy requirements Tools and guidance Work with partner organisations, eg Envirowise, SISP, Constructing Excellence etc, WRAP and construction

5. Site Waste Management

6. Common construction waste causes Offcuts Unsuitable storage Packaging Over-ordering Project management and programme Rework

7. True cost of waste Example - 8 cu yd skip Skip hire£85 Labour to fill skip£163 Cost of materials put in skip£1095 TOTAL TRUE COST£1343 (Source: AMEC)

8. Materials resource efficiency on site Simple principles: Re-measure – 5-10% typical wastage Reject & return – poor specifications & take-back schemes Reduce – design out waste to start with Re-use – formwork, site fixtures, reclaimed materials Recycle – specify recycled and upcycle Review – ensure procedures are up to date Training & awareness / Waste Aware Construction

9. SWMP format 3 elements:  Guidance  Checklist (35 questions)  Data recording sheet Guidance covers:  Waste and legislation  Duty of care  Waste minimisation  Training materials  Reporting requirements www.dti.gov.uk/construction/sustain/site_waste_management.pdf

10. How can SWMPs help? Manage risks relating to materials and waste on your site Deal with queries from regulators Demonstrate to clients how you manage waste, and how you reduce costs and risks to them Meet the requirements of quality and environmental systems Comply with likely future contractual requirements Save money!

11. Potential savings Case studies have shown savings of:  3% of build costs  20% of materials on site  0.2% of total project costs saved through segregation (Source: Taylor Woodrow) Envirowise: “Saving money and raw materials by reducing waste in construction: case studies from Scotland”

12. SWM – ‘How to’ guidance Material guides for site & environmental managers A5 Guidance booklet For site foremen Prompt cards for site labourers Site posters & signage

13. SWMP stages 9 Key steps: Step 1 – Identify who is responsible for producing the SWMP Step 2 – Identify the types and quantities of waste that will be produced at all stages of the work programme/plan. Step 3 – Identify waste management options (waste hierarchy - on- and off-site options) Step 4 – Identify waste management sites and registered waste contractors - compliance with Duty of Care.

14. SWMP stages - contd Step 5 - Training of in-house and sub- contract staff Step 6 – Plan for efficient materials and waste handling & develop targets Step 7 – Measure waste quantities and what types of waste Step 8 – Monitor the implementation of the SWMP Step 9 – Review the SWMP at the end of the project and identify learning for next time.

15. Internet sources for materials BREMAP www.bremap.co.uk CIRIA – Construction Recycling Sites www.ciria.org/recycling/ WRAP – Recycle Wood www.recyclewood.org.uk Recovinyl – recycling PVC www.recovinyl.com

16. www.wasteawarebusiness.com

17. Material Recovery from Demolition

18. Policy makers & planners Developer & design team Contractors Suppliers Demolition protocol targeted guides

19. The Protocol & demolition (or refurbishment) Pre-demolition audit Material segregation / recovery methodology Recovery target set Evidence provided of compliance with target

20. Procuring Higher Recycled Content

21. Overall material consumption by construction industry (~420 Mt per year) M tonnes Quantity of construction and demolition waste generated (~90 Mt per year) Waste construction materials that are recycled (~45 Mt per year) Materials use in construction

22. The Technical Potential Many mainstream products already include recycled content A range of products offer above-average recycled content at no extra cost The potential for diversion from landfill is substantial Recycled content Mainstream brands Eco-brands 0%

23. Mainstream Products

24. School Actual20% Readily Achievable27% Potential37% 1,270 tonnes of material could potentially be diverted from landfill as a result of making the 14 most effective product substitutions

25. Product options Mainstream products and prices – some project-specific examples: Product type Conventional comparator Higher recycled content option Dense block RMC Readyblock Dense 0% recycled content £5.65/m 2 Tarmac Topblock Topcrete Standard 50-80% recycled content £5.30/m 2 Clay facing brick The Brick Business, Autumn Multi 5% recycled content £250 per 1000 Hanson, Harrier Multi 16% recycled content £232 per 1000 Note: There will be other product selection criteria to consider.

26. Housing Standard/actual practice Good practice (cost-neutral) Timber-framed house, Hillcrest HA 6%16% Timber-framed house, Milnbank HA 12%22% Brick/block house, Taylor Woodrow 16%20% – 28%

27. What could be achieved? Type of projectBaseline / actual practice % Cost neutral Good Practice Detached/terraced house6 - 2616-29 Commercial office10 - 2212-30 School, hospital12 - 2015 – 27 Road reconstruction 8 - 1627 – 29 Bridge reconstruction18 - 2333 – 49

28. Quick Wins cost-effective comparable performance and quality readily available New build Concrete blocks Asphalt Paving slabs Bricks Flooring Refurbishment Ceiling tiles Chipboard Plasterboard Insulation Roof tiles

29. Who is taking action? Bristol City Council Whipps Cross Hospital Lancashire County Council Building Schools for the Future (BSF) Raploch URC Adopted minimum 10% value requirement Glasgow City Council Aberdeen City Council Dundee City Council Newcastle City Council Solihull MBC Sheffield CC

30. Scottish Executive Partnership commitment: “to use the public purchasing rules to enhance the status of recycled goods and those capable of reuse’ Consultation 2005: “Setting targets for recycled content in public sector procurement” “The right to specify materials or the contents of a product also includes the right to demand a minimum percentage of recycled or reused content where possible” EU Handbook on Environmental Procurement

31. How do we make a start – the role of procurement Identifying need Requirement specification Supplier selection Tender evaluation Contract management Key point of intervention European Commission handbook on environmental public procurement: “As a contracting authority, you have the right…to demand a minimum percentage of recycled and reused content where possible”. OGC AE11: “The (project) brief should include an outcome-based requirement for overall materials efficiency, such as a minimum requirement for recycled content in the project.”

32. Resources for procurement Construction procurement template wording: Design/project brief Appointment of design team Supplier pre-qualification and audit Tender specification (D&B, traditional) Contract clauses Construction product listing

33. Client sets requirement e.g. “10% recycled content by value plus evidence of good practice” Design team estimates baseline e.g. X% as baseline practice and identify candidate top 5-10 Quick Wins Estimate the projected outcome X% baseline practice plus Y% contribution from selected Quick Wins (Design team and contractor) Implement the Quick Wins Contractor and subcontractors Verification Client can check for simple evidence that Quick Wins were used Potential for local re-use and recycling of materials from on-site CDW and nearby demolition Available manufactured products with higher recycled content, plus reclaimed products Contractor selects Quick Wins, consulting with suppliers, subcontractors, design team and client where necessary Review of Quick Wins Selection of Quick Wins Identifying higher recycled content opportunities PROCESS MAP

34. Guidance documents

35. Construction Case Studies Housing, Education, Health, Infrastructure, Commercial, Roads

36. Recycled Content Toolkit Substitutions profile

37. Material Resource Efficiency in Construction www.wrap.org.uk/construction

39. www.aggregain.org. uk WRAP and regeneration

40. Contacts Free helpline – 0808 100 20 40 www.wrap.org.uk John Forbes Scotland Liaison Officer John.Forbes@wrap.org.uk 0131 244 7953