1. Unit 6: Extrication

2. Injuries
Primary Injury: an injury which occurs as a direct result of the stress imposed on the body during a particular sport or activity.
Secondary Injury: An injury that was caused by improper care of the initial injury. Can be to another body part.

3. Mechanics
Gait: Manner of walking. The action of the lower extremity during a complete stride in walking and running can be divided into two phases.
Stance Phase: heel contact, midstance, heel off
Swing Phase: toe off
Proper Body Mechanics: special ways of standing and moving to make best use of strength and to avoid fatigue or injury.

4. Gait Phases

5. Proper Mechanics

6. Correct Lifting Techniques
Squat down close to the object/person
Maintain the natural curves in your back
Grip the object firmly
Hold the object close to your body
Keep your arms fixed and close to your sides
Lifting by pushing up and through with your legs
Do not use your back, rely on your legs.

7. Proper Lifting Techniques

8. Check-Call-Care Check to make sure scene is safe Check victim
Life-threatening conditions (primary survey)
Call 911, if necessary
Care for victim
Extrication
Secondary survey

9. Ambulation
Extrication: Removing an injured athlete from the playing field or court.
Ambulatory Athlete: Athlete can be moved without further injury.
Ambulate: to walk or move about.

10. Crutch Fitting
Crutches should be 2in up from the top of the toe of the shoe and 4-6in out from the foot.
2-3 fingers worth of space between axilla (armpit) and crutch top
The hand grips should be positioned so there is 30-degree angle in the elbow.

11. Crutches
Three Point Gait: Walking with crutches and one weight bearing leg.
Four Point Gait: Walking with crutches and both legs weight bearing.

12. Ambulating with Crutches
The crutches move with the injured side as you are walking.
No pressure should be placed on the armpits
The method is the same whether it’s the three point gait or the four point gait

13. One-Man Assist Athlete places arm around shoulders of assistant
Assistant stands on the injured side
Assistant can support athlete by placing arm around waist
Two-Man Assist: Two assistants stand on each side of athlete. Athlete’s arms around assistants’ shoulders. Assistants support athlete around waist.

14. One Man Assist

15. Two Man Assist

16. Two-Man Carry
Two assistants face each other and lock their arms together (grasp forearms). Athlete sits on one set of arms. Other set of arms provides backrest. Athlete places arms around assistants’ shoulders.

17. Two Man Carry

18. Assistance Off the Field
Stretchers: Used to move individuals that do not have possible spinal or back injuries.
Scoop Stretchers: Stretchers that the metal can be separated into halves. Not used on individuals with spine or back injuries.
Spine boards: Flat rigid board used to transport any suspected spinal or back injury.

19. Why to spine board someone?
Any suspected spinal or back injury
When you are not sure of victims status
When there is not enough time to splint obvious serious fractures

20. Non-spinal Injuries Log roll athlete onto stretcher
Secure athlete as needed
At least 4 people needed to carry stretcher; one on each side, one on either end
Move athlete feet-first or head-first

21. Stretcher/Cart

22. Spine Board One person is in-charge (head-man) Need at least 4 helpers
Control/stabilize head
Call 911
Apply neck stabilization
Prepare backboard
Undo straps
Match straps
Remove head bloc

23. Log Rolling

24. Spine Board
Roll athlete 90 degrees and position board by sliding it behind victim
Roll athlete onto board
Carefully lower board

25. Good Spine Board

26. Bad Spine Board