2. Periodic Trends Models of the Atom Orbitals Electron Configuration Valence Electrons 10 20 30 40 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10

3. Topic 1 – 10 Points QUESTION: The first atomic theory, developed by John Dalton, used what model to describe atoms? ANSWER: (tiny solid spheres)

4. Topic 1 – 20 Points QUESTION: What did J.J. Thompson discover? ANSWER: (the electron)

5. Topic 1 – 30 Points QUESTION: What two things did Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment discover about the atom? ANSWER: (the nucleus and that the atom is mostly empty space)

6. Topic 1 – 40 Points QUESTION: How did the atomic model developed by Niels Bohr differ from the model developed a few years earlier by Ernest Rutherford ANSWER: (In the Bohr model, electrons orbit the nucleus at discrete, different energy levels, similar to planets orbiting a sun)

7. Topic 1 – 50 Points QUESTION: In the quantum model of the atom, we describe electrons as being located in __________ surrounding the nucleus. ANSWER: (orbitals or electron clouds)

8. Topic 2 – 10 Points QUESTION: What principal energy level and sublevel is lowest in energy and closest to the nucleus? ANSWER: (1s)

9. Topic 2 – 20 Points QUESTION: How many electrons can you put in an orbital? ANSWER: (2)

10. Topic 2 – 30 Points QUESTION: The sublevel letters (s,p,d,f) give information about the ________ of the electron cloud. ANSWER: (shape)

11. Topic 2 – 40 Points QUESTION: How many orbitals are in the “p” sublevel? ANSWER: (3)

12. Topic 2 – 50 Points QUESTION: Look at the orbital diagram below. What is wrong with it? A. 4s should come before 3p in energy order B. The arrows are not placed in the orbitals according to Hund’s rule C. There should only be an s sublevel in the second energy level D. Nothing is wrong with it ANSWER:B

13. Topic 3 – 10 Points QUESTION: Write the electron configuration for Lithium ANSWER: (1s 2 2s 1 )

14. Topic 3 – 20 Points QUESTION: Draw the orbital diagram for Sulfur ANSWER: ()

15. Topic 3 – 30 Points QUESTION: Write the electron configuration for Argon. ANSWER: (1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 )

16. Topic 3 – 40 Points QUESTION: Magnesium has a configuration of 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2. What is the configuration of Mg 2+ ? ANSWER: (1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 )

17. Topic 3 – 50 Points QUESTION: Write the noble gas configuration for Sn (Tin). ANSWER: ()

18. Topic 4 – 10 Points QUESTION: How many valence electrons does Oxygen have? ANSWER: (6)

19. Topic 4 – 20 Points QUESTION: Write the valence configuration for Chlorine ANSWER: (3s 2 sp 5 )

20. Topic 4 – 30 Points QUESTION: Write the valence configuration for Na (sodium). ANSWER: (3s 1 )

21. Topic 4 – 40 Points QUESTION: What alkaline earth ion has the same valence configuration as Argon? ANSWER: (Ca 2+ )

22. Topic 4 – 50 Points QUESTION: What is the valence shell configuration of all the noble gases? ANSWER: (s 2 p 6 )

23. Topic 5 – 10 Points QUESTION: Does atomic radius increase or decrease as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table? ANSWER: (decreases)

24. Topic 5 – 20 Points QUESTION: Which element has a higher first ionization energy: Ar, Kr, or Ne ANSWER: (Ne. The electrons are closest to the nucleus in neon, and therefore harder to remove)

25. Topic 5 – 30 Points QUESTION: Which element is most electronegative, Cesium or Fluorine? ANSWER: (Fluorine)

26. Topic 5 – 40 Points QUESTION: Arrange the following atoms in order from smallest ionization energy to largest ionization energy: Cl, Si, P, Ar ANSWER: (Si, P, Cl, Ar)

27. Topic 5 – 50 Points QUESTION: Which of the following atoms would you expect to have the largest atomic radius: A.I B.K C.Ca D.Rb ANSWER: (Rb)