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Published byBen Arbon Modified over 9 years ago
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The History of Pavement Noise and New Directions in Arizona
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Noise Issues Are Not New 8000 BC Worlds First Major Town-Jericho 5000 BCWheel Invented 4000 BCMesopotamia 800 BCIron Tires Introduced 44 BCFirst Noise Regulation 1869 London Report 1870sUse of Wood Blocks 1888Pneumatic Tire Invented
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Roman Wagon Circa 100AD
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Noise Issues Are Not New
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1897 Survey of 122 Cities with Paved Streets and Pop. > 10,000 Paving TypePaved Length (km) Asphalt230 Granite Setts1,920 Wood Block1,220 Brick Block1,160 Rock (Macadam?)910 Total5,440
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Additional Surface Types Hot Mix Sheet Asphalt Tire Engine 6,000 Yrs100 Yrs
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What is Noise, How is it Controlled, and How Does it Affect Our Lives
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Doubling Traffic adds 3dBA
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How Is It Controlled At the Source –Vehicle & Tire Emissions Through Distance –3 dBA Reduction for Each Doubling of Distance –25ft=70dBA, 50ft=67dBA, 100 ft=64 Through Obstructions –Berms, Walls, And Combination of both
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Controlled At the Source
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Controlled Through Obstructions 1 dBA for each 2 ft of Wall Above
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Ways of Measuring Sound Wayside (Far Field) Close Proximity (Near Field) Noise Intensity (Near Field)
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ADOT ISO CPX Trailer 1995 Spg 2000 Spg 2001 Spg 2002 Spg 2003 2004
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Noise Intensity
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The Arizona Noise Thing
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ADOT Uses ARFC to Provide Quiet Pavements ADOT is Spending $34M to Overlay PCCP in the Phoenix Metropolitan The ARFC is Minus 9.5mm & 9-9.5% Binder 12.5 mm Thick When Used on Flexible Pavement 25 mm Thick When Used on PCCP ADOT Uses Pavement Type (ARFC) as a Noise Mitigation Strategy (4 dBA)
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How Did We Get Here? The Technical Journey Begins!
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OGFC GradationOGFC Gradation
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The Technical Journey? Development of Improved OGFC for Use in Snow Country (1970s-80s) Improved OGFC Used to Resist Reflective Cracking (1980s-90s) Improved OGFC Used as PCCP Overlay (1980s-2000s) Benefit For Smoothness (1990s) Benefit for Noise (1990s-2000s)
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The Social Journey Begins 1990 Industry Study 1995 ADOT initiates first formal research 2002 ISO Noise Trailer Constructed 2002 Collaborative Research with Caltran’s & NCAT 2002 Network Level Evaluation of ARFC 2002 PCCP Surface Texture Experiments 2002 ADOT Elects to Use ARFC for Noise 2003 ADOT’s Quiet Pavement Pilot Program
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Population Growth of Arizona The Social Journey Continues
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The March to the Arizona Quiet Pavement Pilot Program
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(1) Network Level Evaluation of ARFC Surfaces
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(2) Evaluation of PCCP Tining Methods Longitudinal Uniform Transverse Random Transverse
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(3) Comparison of Different Mixes Wearing Course Surface Type CPX Noise Level (dBA) SMA95.9 AR-ACFC95.0 PEM96.0
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Quiet Pavement Pilot Program
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Lessons Learned To Date Comparison of Various Surface Types Comparison of Measurement Systems Environmental Effects We Have Only Just Begun the JOURNEY!
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Noise Levels By Surface Type 104.9Random Transverse (Wisconsin) 102.5Uniform Transverse (ADOT-3/4”) 99.1Longitudinal (ADOT-3/4”) 95.5Whisper Grind 91.8ARFC
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Mix Design Procedures
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Laboratory Tests Impedance Tube (Mobile) Complex Modulus Test-Loss Function Permeability/Infiltration Air Flow
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In Summary Surface Type Does Matter-Noise Should be Controlled at the Source Noise Should be Managed Just Like Friction, Roughness, Rutting, and Cracking People Do Care How They Live- It’s a Quality of Life Issue!!!
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Thank You 6,000 Yrs Tire 100 Yrs Engine Future Tire/Pavement
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