Unit10.

Unit10

Cultural information 1 Cultural information 1. Quote
Mark Twain: The man who does not read good books has no advantage over the man who cannot read them.

Cultural information 2 2. Books that changed my life
— Reviews of books that help you build new skills “Books that changed my life” is a blog. The blogger lives in Stockholm, Sweden. His hope with this site is not only to share non-fiction book recommendations but to share books of an exceptional quality. In the same way he hopes that the readers will help him and share their very best suggestions. Here is a list of books that teach the blogger practical skills. They might not be the best written books or the most exiting ones but he thinks they are in a class of

Cultural information 3 Cultural information their own on their respective subjects. His focus of this list is to show the readers the extremely rare informative tomes that will help them to learn skills that are useful in life, in contrast to the much more common works of fiction that simply helps them avoid going insane from all the craziness and stress they must put up with their life or the non-fiction that expose you to new ideas or random facts. [Making money] Active Value Investing by Vitaly Katsenelson Essential Negotiation by Gavin Kennedy

Cultural information 4 [Understand people]
How to win friends and influence people by Dale Carnegie [Creating] Techniques of the selling writer by Dwight Swain On Directing Film by David Mamet

Global Reading-Main idea1
Structural analysis Main idea 1. What does this narrative text tell us? This text first tells us about the most indelible experiences the writer went through when she lived an isolated life as a child in the remote Chinese countryside. Next, the text describes and relates how she discovered and read and digested Dickens’ novels. Then, it highlights the ways in which the writer benefited immensely from Dickens.

Global Reading-Main idea2
Structural analysis 2. What is the main purpose of the writer? The writer’s main purpose is to emphasize that she is immensely grateful to Charles Dickens, for she has been enlightened a great deal by him, and that Dickens’ novels, which deal with real life and real people and explore significant and permanent topics, constitute a rewarding heritage of mankind, and therefore are well worth reading and studying.

1. How is the first paragraph associated with the last one?
Structural analysis 1 Main idea Structural analysis Structural analysis 1. How is the first paragraph associated with the last one? In the first paragraph the writer makes it clear that she has owed Charles Dickens a heavy debt by reading his novels. And the only way to honor her obligation is to write down what Charles Dickens did for her. In the last paragraph, the writer says she was deeply influenced by him. Thus, the concluding part of the narrative text is naturally connected with the beginning part.

2. Work out the structure of the text by completing the table.
Structural analysis 2 Main idea Structural analysis 2. Work out the structure of the text by completing the table. Paragraph(s) Main idea 1 2-3 It introduces the setting and the relationship between the writer and Charles Dickens. The writer recalls her isolated childhood life in a remote Chinese countryside, her unpleasant experiences and the painful feeling she had because she was a foreigner.

The writer highlights Dickens’ great influence upon her.
Structural analysis 3 Main idea Structural analysis Paragraph(s) Main idea 4-6 7 The writer narrates and describes her experiences as a voracious reader. The writer highlights Dickens’ great influence upon her.

Detailed reading1 A Debt to Dickens
I have long looked for an opportunity to pay a certain debt which I have owed since I was seven years old. Debts are usually burdens, but this is no ordinary debt, and it is no burden, except as the feeling of warm gratitude may ache in one until it is expressed My debt is to an Englishman, who long ago in China rendered an inestimable service to a small American child. That child was myself and that Englishman was Charles Dickens I know no better way to meet my obligation than to write down what Charles Dickens did in China for an American child.

Detailed reading2.1 Detailed reading First, you must picture to yourself that child, living quite solitary in a remote Chinese countryside, in a small mission bungalow perched upon a hill among the rice fields in the valleys below. In the near distance wound that deep, treacherous, golden river, the Yangtse, and some of the most terrifying and sinister, as well as the most delightful and exciting moments of that child’s life, were spent beside the river. She loved to crawl along its banks upon the rocks or upon the muddy flats and watch for the lifting of the huge four-square nets that hung into the moving yellow flood, and see out of that flood come perhaps again and again an empty net, but sometimes great flashing, twisting silver bodies of fish. 2

Detailed reading2.2 Detailed reading She lingered beside villages of boat folk, and saw them live, the babies tied to a rope and splashing in the shallower waters. But she saw babies dead thrown into the deep waters She wandered small and alien among the farm folk in the earthen houses among the fields. She accepted a bowl of rice and cabbage often at meal time and sat among the peasants on the threshing floor about the door and ate, usually in silence, listening and listening, answering their kindly, careless questions, bearing with shy, painful smiles their kind teasing laughter at her yellow curls and unfortunate blue eyes,

Detailed reading3.1 Detailed reading which they thought so ugly. She was, she knew, very alien. Upon the streets of the great city where sometimes she went she learned to accept the cry of foreign devil, and to realize she was a foreign devil. She grew from a very tiny child into a bigger child, still knowing she was alien However kindly the people about her might be, and they were much more often kind than not, she knew that she was foreign to them And she wondered very much about her own folk and where they were and how they looked and at what they played. 3

Detailed reading3.2 Detailed reading But she did not know. In the bungalow were her parents, very busy, very, very busy, and when she learned her lessons in the morning quickly, they were too busy to pay much heed to her and so she wandered about a great deal, seeing and learning all sorts of things. She had fun. But very often she used to wonder, “Where are the other children like me? What is it like in the country where they live?” She longed very much, I can remember, to have some of them to play with. But she never had them.

Detailed reading4.1 Detailed reading To this small, isolated creature there came one day an extraordinary accident She was an impossibly voracious reader. She would like to have had children’s books, but there were none, and so she read everything, — Plutarch’s Lives and Foxe’s Martyrs, the Bible, church history, and the hot spots in Jonathan Edwards’s sermons, and conversations out of Shakespeare, and bits of Tennyson and Browning which she could not understand at all Then one day she looked doubtfully at a long row of somber blue books on a very high shelf. They were quite beyond her reach. 4

Detailed reading4.2 Detailed reading Later she discovered this was because they were novels. But being desperate she put a three-cornered bamboo stool on top of a small table and climbed up and stared at the binding sand in faded black titles she read Oliver Twist, by Charles Dickens. She was then a little past seven years old. It was a very hot August day, in the afternoon about three o’clock, when the household was asleep, all except the indefatigable parents, and they were very, very busy. She took Oliver Twist out of its place — it was fat and thick, for Hard Times was bound with it — and in great peril descended, and stopping in the pantry for a pocket full of peanuts,

Detailed reading5.1 Detailed reading she made off to a secret corner of the veranda into which only a small, agile child could squeeze, and opened the closely printed pages of an old edition, and discovered her playmates. How can I make you know what that discovery was to that small, lonely child? There in that corner above the country road in China, with vendors passing beneath me, I entered into my own heritage. I cannot tell you about those hours. I know I was roused at six o’clock by the call to my supper, and I looked about dazed, to discover the long rays of the late afternoon sun streaming across the valleys. 5

Detailed reading5.2 Detailed reading I remember twice I closed the book and burst into tears, unable to bear the tragedy of Oliver Twist, and then opened it quickly again, burning to know more. I remember, most significant of all, that I forgot to touch a peanut, and my pocket was still quite full when I was called. I went to my supper in a dream, and read as late as I dared in my bed afterward, and slept with the book under my pillow, and woke again in the early morning. When Oliver Twist was finished, and after it Hard Times, I was wretched with indecision. I felt I must read it all straight over again, and yet I was voracious for that long row of blue books. What was in them? I climbed up again,

Detailed reading6.1 Detailed reading finally, and put Oliver Twist at the beginning, and began on the next one, which was David Copperfield. I resolved to read straight through the row and then begin at the beginning once more and read straight through again. This program I carried on persistently, over and over, for about ten years, and after that I still kept a Dickens book on hand, so to speak, to dip into and feel myself at home again. Today I have for him a feeling which I have for no other human soul. He opened my eyes to people, he taught me to love all sorts of people, high and low, rich and poor, the old and little children. 6

Detailed reading6.2 Detailed reading He taught me to hate hypocrisy and pious mouthing of unctuous words. He taught me that beneath gruffness there may be kindness, and that kindness is the sweetest thing in the world, and goodness is the best thing in the world. He taught me to despise money grubbing. People today say he is obvious and sentimental and childish in his analysis of character. It may be so, and yet I have found people surprisingly like those he wrote about — the good a little less undiluted, perhaps, and the evil a little more mixed. And I do not regret that simplicity of his, for it had its own virtue. The virtue was a great zest for life.

Detailed reading7 Detailed reading If he saw everything black and white, it was because life rushed out of him strong and clear, full of love and hate. He gave me that zest, that immense joy in life and in people, and in their variety. This is what Charles Dickens did for me. His influence I cannot lose. He had made himself a part of me forever. 7

Detailed reading1--Quesion 1.1
Paragraph 1 Questions 1) How do you interpret the debt which the writer has owed since she was seven years old? According to the context, the debt the writer has owed is not a sum of unpaid money, instead, it is her feeling of warm gratitude to Charles Dickens, who long ago in China rendered an inestimable service to her.

Paragraph 1 Questions 2) In the eyes of the writer, what is the best way to pay her debt to Charles Dickens? As far as the writer can see, the best way to express her heartfelt thanks to Dickens is to write down what Charles Dickens did for her in China a long time ago.

Detailed reading1--Quesion 2
Paragraph 2 Question What is the message that is stressed in the second paragraph? While living in that remote rural area, the narrator as a small child was very alien to the people and was laughed playfully at and thought of as ugly and even unfortunate by them.

Paragraph 3 Questions 1) What is the message this is repeatedly emphasized? The repeated message is that as she grew into a bigger child, she still felt that she was alien and foreign to the people around.

Paragraph 3 Questions 2) What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that as she still felt alien, and as her parents were too busy to pay any heed to her, she longed very much to have companions, but she had none.

Paragraph 4 Question Why did the narrator say, “She was an impossible voracious reader”? There were no books suitable for her to read in that remote village. Since she had the desire to read, she searched and read all the books she could find instead of being frustrated.

Paragraph 5 Question How does the narrator describe the way she read the novel Oliver Twist? One day, the author discovered the book named Olive Twist by Charles Dickens. She buried herself reading the book all day.

Paragraph 6 Questions 1) In what ways was the narrator greatly benefited or enlightened by Dickens? He opened her eyes to people, and taught her to love all sorts of people, to hate hypocrisy and pious mouthing of unctuous words. He gave her an immense zest for life, that immense joy in life and in people, and in their variety. In short, the narrator learned many invaluable things from Charles Dickens. 2) What comments does the narrator make on Dickens? Dickens was a man of simplicity and has a great zest for life, and also a man full of hate and love.

Paragraph 6 Questions 3) Point out the sentences in Paragraph 6 that are parallel to each other. What rhetorical effect can parallelism product? “He opened my eyes to people, he taught me to love all sorts of people, high and low, rich and poor, the old and little children. He taught me to hate hypocrisy and pious mouthing of unctuous words. He taught me that beneath gruffness there may be kindness, and that kindness is the sweetest thing in the world, and goodness is the best thing in the world. He taught me to despise money grubbing.” These sentences are characterized by parallelism, by virtue of which they are fluid and smooth, expressive and impressive.

Paragraph 7 Questions 1) What is the textual function of the first sentence of this paragraph? The first sentence of Paragraph 7 plays the function of connecting the concluding part naturally with the beginning part of the text. 2) What is the main idea of this paragraph? The last paragraph emphasizes that Dickens has exerted a lasting influence upon the narrator, and that Dickens has become part of her forever.

Detailed reading1– render 1
render: v. cause sb. or sth. to be in a particular condition; give sth. to sb. or do sth., because it is your duty or because sb. expects you to e.g. He was rendered almost speechless by the news. It is an obligation of ours to render assistance to those in need. Derivation: rendering: n.

Detailed reading1– render 2
Translation: His fatness renders him unable to touch his toes. 他很胖，连自己的脚趾也够不着。 You will be expected to render an account of money that is owed. 请你发出借欠清单。

Detailed reading1– inestimable
inestimable: adj. too great, precious, etc. to be estimated e.g. Your advice has been of inestimable value to us. The value of your assistance is inestimable. Synonym: invaluable

Detailed reading1– obligation 1
sth. that must be done because of a duty or promise e.g. You can look around the shop with no obligation to buy. We attended the party more out of a sense of obligation than anything else. 我们参加那个聚会是迫于人情，而并无别的原因。 Derivations: oblige: v. obliged: adj.

Detailed reading1– obligation 2
Collocation: under an obligation (to): having a duty (to) e.g. We are invited, but we are under no obligation to go. Translation: Everyone has a legal obligation to provide the tax office with details of their earnings. 每个人都有法律义务向税务局提供自己的收入详情。

Detailed reading1-- My debt is to an …
My debt is to an Englishman, who long ago in China rendered an inestimable service to a small American child. Paraphrase: I cherish the feeling of warm gratitude towards an Englishman, who did an invaluable service to a small American child a long time ago in China. Explanation: 我亏欠了一个英国人的恩情，很久以前在中国，他为一个美国小女孩提供了无价的帮助。

Detailed reading1-- I know no better …
I know no better way to meet my obligation than to write down what Charles Dickens did in China for an American child. Paraphrase: As far as I can see, the best way to express my warm gratitude to Charles Dickens is to put in black and white the inestimable service he rendered in China to an American child. Explanation: obligation something that must be done because of a duty or promise e.g. Teachers have an obligation to treat all students equally. Parents are under a legal obligation to educate their children.

Detailed reading1-- solitary
solitary: adj. spending a lot of time alone; doing sth. without any companion e.g. One solitary tree grew on the mountainside. Pandas are solitary creatures. Synonym: alone Antonyms: sociable; accompanied

Detailed reading1-- treacherous
treacherous: adj. behaving with treachery, (showing signs of) betraying a person or cause secretly; dangerous, esp. when seeming to be safe e.g. We cannot trust treacherous people. The ice on the lake is treacherous, not as strong or thick as it looks. Derivation: treachery: n. Synonym: unreliable

Detailed reading1– linger 1
linger: v. stay for a long time and be reluctant to leave; be slow; dawdle e.g. She lingered after the concert, hoping to meet the star. They lingered over coffee and missed the train. Derivations: lingerer: n. lingering: adj. Synonyms: stay; remain

Detailed reading1– linger 2
Collocations: linger about/around/on Translation: The pain lingered on for weeks. 病痛持续了好几个星期。事情是过去了，但人们对此记忆犹新。 The event is over, but the memory lingers on.

Detailed reading1– alien 1
alien: adj. foreign; strange; unfamiliar; contrary e.g. As she stayed in an alien land, she lived in an alien environment. Such principles are alien to our religion. Derivation: alienate: v

Detailed reading1– alien 2
Collocation: alien to: very different in nature or character, esp. so different as to cause dislike or opposition e.g. Their ideas are quite alien to our way of thinking. Antonym: native

Detailed reading1– heed
heed: v. give attention to; consider seriously e.g. She didn’t heed my warning/advice. Their offspring do not heed to what they say. Derivations: heed: n. heedful: adj. heedless: adj. Collocations: pay heed to take heed (of sth.)

Detailed reading1– First, you must picture 1 …
First, you must picture to yourself that child, living quite solitary in a remote Chinese countryside, in a small mission bungalow perched upon a hill among the rice fields in the valleys below. Paraphrase: First, you need to form a mental image of that child, who was living a very lonely life in a distant Chinese rural area, and whose family lived in a small one-story house in a settlement where missionaries had their homes, the small one-story house located on a hill among the rice fields in the valleys below.

Detailed reading1– First, you must picture 2 …
Explanation: It is to be noted that the modal verb must in this sentence indicates the narrator’s advice or recommendation to readers, and that the adjective “solitary” functions as subject complement, telling readers that the child was lonely when living in a remote Chinese countryside.

Detailed reading1– She lingered beside 1 …
She lingered beside villages of boat folk, and saw them live, the babies tied to a rope and splashing in the shallower waters. Paraphrase: She stayed near villages of fishermen and their families, reluctant to leave. She witnessed how they lived. She saw their babies fastened with a rope and sitting or standing in the shallower waters and playing with water.

Detailed reading1– She lingered beside 2 …
Explanation: Waters means a mass of water in a river, lake, etc.; a sea or a large area of water near or belonging to a particular country. e.g. The waters of the lake flow out over a large waterfall. The ship is moving through the stormy waters of the Atlantic. The ship drifted into Turkish territorial waters. The species are found in inland waters. Translation: 她流连于渔民聚集的村落，观看他们的生活，许多婴儿都用绳子系着在浅滩里戏水。

Detailed reading1– She wandered …
She wandered small and alien among the farm folk ... Paraphrase: She walked slowly and aimlessly among the farming people. As a small child whose parents were from an alien land, she was strange and foreign to the local farmers. Explanation: Attention should be paid again to the adjectives “small” and “alien” that serve as subject complements in this sentence, meaning that she was small and alien when wandering among the farm folk. Translation: 她，一个外国小孩，漫无目标地游走在村民中 ……

Detailed reading1– However kindly 1 …
However kindly the people about her might be, and they were much more often kind than not, she knew that she was foreign to them. Paraphrase: No matter how kindly and friendly the people around her might be, and they were very often kind indeed, she knew that she was alien to them. Explanation: More often than not means “very frequently; usually”. More often than not the trains are crowded during the Spring Festival. When it is foggy, the buses are late more often than not.

Detailed reading1– However kindly 2 …
Translation: 无论周围的人们对她多友善，他们通常对她的确相当的友善，她知道自己对于他们仍是外国人。

Detailed reading1– And she wondered …
And she wondered very much about her own folk and where they were and how they looked and at what they played. Paraphrase: She wished very much to know about other children of her own culture; she was anxious to know their whereabouts and their appearances and the way they played. Explanation: Note the repetition of “and” in the sentence. It is repeatedly employed to emphasize her anxious state of mind and the chain of her psychological activities at that time.

Detailed reading1– … they were too 1 …
… they were too busy to pay much heed to her and so she wandered about a great deal, seeing and learning all sorts of things. Paraphrase: As her parents were so much preoccupied with their own work that they paid little attention to her, she often walked about slowly and aimlessly, observing and getting to know all kinds of things. Explanation: Pay heed to means “pay attention to”; “take notice of”. You should pay much heed to the doctor’s advice. Their offspring do not pay much heed to what they say.

Detailed reading1– … they were too 2 …
Translation: ……他们太忙以至于不能很好地关心她，因此她常常四处徘徊，观看和学习各种各样的事物。

Detailed reading1– She longed very much …
She longed very much, I can remember, to have some of them to play with. But she never had them. Paraphrase: It’s still clear in my mind that she wanted very much to play with some other children like her. But she had none of them to play with. Translation: 我记得她很渴望能和一群像她一样的孩子游戏，但她却从来没有这样的玩伴。

Detailed reading1– Activity 1
Activity: Making a Story Directions: Sit in rows or lines of five. The students in the first row / line are given one sentence, which they should recite to the next students. The sentences will be passed on until the last students, who will come to the blackboard to write down the sentences. It is an obligation of ours to render assistance to those in need. He is a solitary sort of fellow. She lingered outside the school after everyone else had gone home. Cruelty was quite alien to his nature. You should pay much heed to the doctor’s advice.

Detailed reading1– isolate 1
isolate: v. separate; single; solitary; standing alone e.g. Several villages have been isolated by the floods. The poor girl from an isolated village was deeply impressed by the tall buildings in the city. Derivations: isolation: n. isolated: adj. Collocations: isolate sth. (from sth.) in isolation

Detailed reading1– isolate 2
Translation: 科学家们已分离出引起这种流行病的病毒。 Scientists have isolated the virus causing the epidemic. Comparison: isolate, insulate insulate: protect sb./sth. from the unpleasant effects of sth. e.g. Children are carefully insulated from harmful experiences The royal family is insulated from many of the difficulties faced by ordinary people. 普通百姓面临的许多难处皇室成员都不必面对。

Detailed reading1-- voracious
voracious: adj. having an extremely strong desire to do or have a lot of sth. e.g. Teenagers usually have voracious appetites. She is a voracious reader of biographies. Derivation: voracity: n. adj. Synonym: greedy

Detailed reading1-- somber
somber: (BrE: sombre) adj. dark-colored; dull and dismal; sad and serious e.g. She prefers to wear somber clothes. You could see a sombre expression on his face that day. Derivation: somberness: n. Synonyms: serious; grave; dark Translation: A funeral is a sombre occasion. 葬礼是个悲伤的场合。

Detailed reading1– desperate 1
desperate: adj. feeling or showing great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger; in great need (of sth./to do sth.) e.g. The prisoners grew more desperate with the approaching date of execution. She is desperate for money. Derivation: desperation: n. Collocation: desperate for sth./to do sth.

Detailed reading1– desperate 2
Translation: Have you got some water? I’m desperate for a drink. 你有水吗？我很想喝点。我很想见到她。 I’m desperate to see her.

Detailed reading1– peril 1
peril: n. serious danger, esp. of death; a dangerous thing or circumstance e.g. These birds are able to survive the perils of the Arctic winter. 这些鸟能在北极的严冬中生存。 The bicycle has no breaks. If you ride it, you will be in mortal peril. Derivation: perilous: adj.

Detailed reading1– peril 2
Collocations: at one’s peril: with a risk of harm to oneself (used esp when advising sb. not to do sth.) in peril of one’s life: in danger of death Synonym: danger

Detailed reading1– descend 1
descend: v. come or go down; lead downwards e.g. The sun descended behind the hills. The Queen descended the stairs. Derivations: descendant: n. descended: adj. Collocations: descend on/upon: (of a group of people) to attack; to arrive, esp. in large numbers, to visit or stay with, often unexpectedly. descend to: to lower oneself to

Detailed reading1– descend 2
Antonym: ascend Translation: I want to talk about all these points in descending order of importance. 我将按照重要性的程度先后谈谈这几点。

Detailed reading1-- agile
agile: adj. able to move quickly and easily e.g. Monkeys are agile, hence the idiom “as agile as a monkey”. This little boy has an agile mind. Derivation: agility: n. Synonym: nimble

Detailed reading1-- rouse
rouse: v. (fml) waken e.g. The noise roused me from/out of a deep sleep. The speaker tried to rouse his listeners to action. Derivation: rousing: adj. Collocations: rouse from/out of rouse to Translation: I warn you, he’s dangerous when he’s roused! 我警告你，他一旦被惹怒是非常可怕的!

Detailed reading1-- wretched
wretched: adj. very unhappy, miserable or pitiable; causing unhappiness or misery e.g. He is in bed with a bad cold, feeling rather wretched. What wretched weather! Derivation: wretchedness: n. Translation: I feel wretched about having to disappoint her. 我因不得不让她失望而深感懊丧。 Why can’t that wretched child behave himself? 那孩子真讨人嫌，为什么他就不能规规矩矩的呢？

Detailed reading1-- indecision
indecision: n. hesitation; the state of being unable to make a decision e.g. She was standing outside the house in an agony of indecision. At a critical moment, we should act decisively instead of being seized with indecision. Derivation: indecisive: adj. Antonym: decision

Detailed reading1– resolve 1
resolve: v. decide firmly; determine; make a decision e.g. Once she has resolved on doing it, you won’t get her to change her mind. He resolved to work harder. Synonym: determine Collocations: resolve on resolve to

Detailed reading1– resolve 2
Translation: The committee resolved on appointing a new secretary. 委员会决议任命新的书记。 The Senate resolved, by 70 votes to 30, to accept the President’s budget proposals. 参议院以七十票对三十票通过决议同意总统的预算草案。

Detailed reading1– zest 1
zest: n. a feeling of being enthusiastic, eager, excited, interested, etc. e.g. Her zest for life is as great as ever. He entered into our plans with terrific zest. Derivation: zestful: adj. Synonym: enthusiasm: n.

Detailed reading1– zest 2
Translation: The element of risk gave an added zest to the adventure. 这种冒险成分给探险活动平添了几分乐趣。 The danger of being caught gave a certain zest to the affair. 做这种事情有被发现的危险，但这倒增加了刺激性。

Detailed reading1– To this small
To this small isolated creature, there came one day an extraordinary accident. Paraphrase: One day, something quite unusual happened to this little lonely girl. Translation: 有一天，这个孤独的小女孩遇到了件不平常的事。

Detailed reading1– She was an
She was an impossibly voracious reader. Paraphrase: She had an unbelievably strong appetite for reading. Explanation: When used together with a person, the word “impossible” or “impossibly” usually indicates a meaning of behaving in a very unreasonable and annoying way. Therefore, the writer used “impossibly” here to emphasize that she had an unbelievably strong desire for reading. Translation: 对于读书，她的贪婪难以想象。

Detailed reading1– Then one day
Then one day she looked doubtfully at a long row of somber blue books on a very high shelf. Paraphrase: Then one day she stared at a long row of dark-colored blue books on a very high shelf, asking herself what kind of books they were. Translation: 有一天她满脸疑惑地盯着一排放在高书架上的深蓝色书本。

Detailed reading1– burning to
burning to know more Paraphrase: wanting to find out something very much Translation: 渴求获得更多的知识

Detailed reading1– …, I was wretched
…, I was wretched with indecision. Paraphrase: ..., I felt unhappy because I was unable to decide whether I should read it all straight over again or pick out a new book to read. Translation: ……,犹豫不决真让我苦恼。

Detailed reading1– …, and after that 1
…, and after that I still kept a Dickens book on hand, so to speak, to dip into and feel myself at home again. Paraphrase: ..., from then on I almost always had a Dickens book within easy reach to read and feel myself comfortably back once more on familiar territory. Explanation: so to speak: used when you are saying something in words that do not have their usual meaning e.g. We have to pull down the barriers, so to speak, of poverty. The whole of life, so to speak, is involved in the pursuit of the good life.

Detailed reading1– …, and after that 2
Translation: ……,从那以后，我仍然将一本狄更斯的书带在身边，可以说，这让我沉浸在一种身处家乡的舒适感受中。

Detailed reading1– He taught me 1
He taught me to hate hypocrisy and pious mouthing of unctuous words. Paraphrase: He taught me to hate both the act of pretending to be very good and insincere earnestness. Explanation: The word “mouth”, when used as a verb, is usually derogatory, often in the meaning of saying something that you don't really believe or you don’t understand. Translation: 他教会我憎恨虚假伪善、油腔滑调。

Detailed reading1– Activity 2.1
Activity: Making a Story Direction: The class is divided into several groups, and two students from each group take part in this activity. One student will paraphrase or explain the words showed on the screen, and the other one will guess the words. Each pair can use any method to help paraphrasing and guessing, including gestures, sentence examples, etc. The group which can guess the most words within given time wins. Rules: 1) Each group must finish the guessing within one minute. 2) The guesser cannot look at the screen.

Detailed reading1– Activity 2.2
3) The one who explains can only speak English and is not allowed to mention the words showed on the screen. Words for reference: isolate peril wretched voracious descend indecision somber agile resolve desperate rouse zest

Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary main
Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Phrase practice Word / Phrase comparison Synonym / Antonym Sentence rephrasing

Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 1
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening long to do = eager to do 渴望做 e.g. The girl longed to dance before a large crowd. 小女孩渴望在众人面前跳舞。

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening long for = desire to have 渴望拥有 e.g. People around the world are longing for peace. 世界各地的人民却渴望和平。 She has been longing for him ever since he left. 自从他离开以后，她一直在想他。

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening in peril = in great danger 处于危险之中 e.g. Scientists are racing against time to save the animals in peril. 科学家们正与时间竞赛拯救处于危险之中的动物。 Human being’s hunting put wild animals in peril. 人类的捕猎使野生动物处于危险之中。

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening see everything black and white = interpret all things as either right or wrong 认为什么事情都是非对即错 e.g. Students should be taught not to see everything black and white. 要教会学生不能认为什么事情都是非对即错的。 Simon is stubborn and sees everything black and white. 西门很固执，认为什么事情不是对就是错。

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison1
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 1 gratitude: the state of feeling grateful e.g. I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Wang for her immense practical help. grateful: showing or expressing thanks, especially to another person e.g. I’m so grateful for all that you’ve done. thank: to tell someone that you are pleased and grateful for something they have done, or to be polite about it e.g. I haven’t had a chance to thank him yet.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 2 solitary: a solitary object is alone, with no others near them e.g. He lived in a solitary woodland. singular: used when talking or writing about one thing e.g. This is a singular point of view that makes all the difference over a lifetime. exclusive: available or belonging only to particular people, and not shared e.g. We have exclusive access to the library archives.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 2 alone: when you are alone, you are not with any other people e.g. He was all alone in the middle of the hall.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 3 burst into: to suddenly begin to do something e.g. Much to my surprise my little son burst into songs. burst out: to suddenly say something in a forceful way e.g. “I don’t believe it!” she burst out angrily. burst in: to interrupt something by entering a room, in a way that embarrasses you or other people e.g. I’m sorry to burst in on you like this.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 4 linger: if you linger somewhere, you stay there for a longer time than is necessary e.g. This is a dreary little town where few would choose to linger. wander: to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction e.g. We spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 4 haunt: if the soul of a dead person haunts a place, it appears there often e.g. The pub is said to be haunted by the ghost of a former landlord. loaf: to avoid activity, especially work e.g. Those who loaf all day and do nothing are social parasites.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 5 dig into: to try to find out about something unknown or secret e.g. He had been digging into her past. dip into: put the hand into a container in order to take something out of it e.g. Ask the children to guess what’s in each container by dipping their hands in. probe into: to ask questions in order to find things out e.g. The scientist probed into the secret of chemsitry.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 6 resolve: if you resolve to do something, you make a firm decision to do it e.g. She resolved to report the matter to the hospital’s nursing manager. solve: to find an answer to a problem e.g. This strategy could cause more problems than it solves. involve: if an activity or situation involves something, that thing is part of it or a result of it e.g. I didn’t realize putting on a play involved so much work.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 6 revolve: if you say that one thing revolves around another thing, you mean that the second thing is the main feature or focus of the first thing e.g. My life revolves around my job.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 7 make off: to leave quickly, usually in order to escape e.g. The burglars made off before the police arrived. make away: to steal something and take it away with you e.g. Thieves made away with the contents of the safe. make out: to see, hear or understand something or someone with difficulty e.g. I can’t make out your writing.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 8 on hand: close by and ready when needed e.g. Our staff are always on hand to help. in hand: if something is in hand, it is being done or dealt with e.g. She seemed to have things in hand by the time her husband returned. by hand: done or made by a person rather than a machine e.g. We had to wash our clothes by hand.

Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym1
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1. My debt is to an Englishman, who long ago in China rendered an inestimable service to a small American child. Synonyms: invaluable, matchless, precious 2. You must picture to yourself that child, living quite solitary in a remote Chinese countryside. Antonyms: sociable, accompanied, collective

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. In the near distance wound that deep, treacherous, golden river, the Yangtse. Synonyms: unreliable, untrustworthy 4. She loved to see out of that flood come perhaps again and again an empty net, but sometimes great flashing, twisting silver bodies of fish. Antonyms: full, plenty, abundant 5. They were too busy to pay much heed to her. Synonyms: attention, notice, regard

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 6. She took Oliver Twist out of his place and in great peril descended. Antonyms: ascend, rise, arise 7. She lingered beside villages of boat folk, and saw them live. Synonyms: stay, remain 8. She was, she knew, very alien. Antonyms: native, familiar, local

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation1
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in brackets. 1. The law says you must ensure your child receives a proper education. (obligation) You have the legal obligation to ensure your child receives a proper education. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. The large amount of time they spent getting the engine into perfect condition was surprising. (immense) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ They spent a surprisingly immense amount of time getting the engine into perfect condition.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in brackets. 3. Sorry to arrive all of a sudden like this, but we had no time to phone. (descend) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Sorry to descend on you like this, but we had no time to phone. 4. Mark and I managed to clean up the house before our parents got home. (straighten) Mark and I managed to straighten up the house before our parents got home. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in brackets. 5. I think I must be coming down with flu — I’ve been feeling low and ill all day. (wretched.) I think I must be coming down with flue — I’ve been feeling wretched all day. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 6. The government made a decision to take further actions against corruption. (resolve) The government resolved to take further actions against corruption. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in brackets. 7. The young English teacher thought so highly of poetry that he taught it with extreme enthusiasm. (missionary) The young English teacher thought so highly of poetry that he taught it with missionary zeal. __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 8. There’s one rule for her and another rule for everyone else and it’s sheer double dealing. (hypocrisy) There’s one rule for her and another rule for everyone else and it’s mere hypocrisy. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- obligation 1
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 1. obligation n. duty 任务，义务 e.g. Are we under obligation to provide financial support to the company?

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- immense
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. immense adj. huge 巨大的 e.g. Curiosity is a treasure with immense value.

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- descend
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. descend v. move downward 下降 e.g. The sun descended behind the mountain. descend on: call on sb. without notice 突然到来 e.g. Visitors descend on us and ruin the day.

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- straighten
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. straighten v. make clean 弄直 e.g. She twitched the corner of the blanket to straighten it. straighten up: make straight 弄干净 e.g. You’d better straighten up your house.

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- wretched
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 5. wretched adj. poor, miserable 可怜不幸的 e.g. The wretched boy was begging along the street again.

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- resolve
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 6. resolve v. decide 决心 e.g. He resolved that nothing can hold him back.

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- missionary
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 7. missionary adj. related to religious mission 与传教有关的，有使命的 e.g. Our missionary work had an important breakthrough.

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- hypocrisy
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 8. hypocrisy n. insincerity 伪善，虚伪 e.g. We are so fed up with his hypocrisy.

Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary main
Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening The passive voice Subordination

Consolidation Activities- Grammar1
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 1. The passive voice A passive construction occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence. That is, whoever or whatever is performing the action is not the grammatical subject of the sentence. The Passive is formed: Passive Subject + To Be + Past Participle. If the agent is important (the person, company or thing that does the action) , use “by”. If it is not definite and does not carry any essential information, it can be omitted.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening ※Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive voice. e.g. Houses are built. My bike was stolen.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs given. 1. People were surprised to find that an enormous hole (cut) in the steel door by the burglars. 2. It’s high time that he (tell) to stop behaving like a child. 3. As she (climb) the ladder, it slipped sideways and she fell off it. 4. I know a new film (show) at the cinema these days. had been cut ______________ was told _________ was climbing ______________ are being shown __________________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 5. I know a new film (show) at the cinema in two days. 6. I know a new film (show) at the cinema recently. will be shown _______________ has been shown __________________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening The past tense is used to show the hypothetical meaning.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening The active voice is used because the subject of the sentence is the one who performs the action.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening The present continuous tense is used because “these days” refers to a period of time in which an action is continuously being performed.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening “In two days” refers to sometime in the future.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening The adverb “recently” is a marker of present perfect tense.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. Subordination Subordination (abbreviated variously subord, sbrd, subr or sr) is a complex syntactic construction in which one or more clauses are dependent on the main clause. Dependent clauses are also called “subordinate clauses”. Subordinate clauses are introduced by a subordinating conjunction, such as, after, although, as much as, as long as, as soon as, because, before, if, in order that, lest, since, so that, than, that, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, and while, etc.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening e.g. I don’t know if George is awake yet. George overslept because his alarm clock was broken.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice Join the two sentences into one, using the words and phrases given. in order that unless as since when until 1. You will hurry up. You will miss the bus. You will miss the bus unless you hurry up. 2. No one is against the proposal. We will adopt the proposal. Since no one is against the proposal, we will adopt it.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening in order that unless as since when until 3. The train had left. I reached the station. I didn’t reach the station until the train had left. 4. It was raining hard. We had to be indoors. As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 5. You are crossing the street. You must be careful. When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening in order that unless as since when until 6. I sent the letter by air mail. It might reach him in time. I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.

Consolidation Activities- Translation1
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 有许多志愿者为北京2008奥运会提供了有价值的服务。 (render a service to) If you render a service to a person or an institution, you do good to it; make contribution to it or help it. Many volunteers rendered a valuable service to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： Translate the following sentences into English. 以后如有机会，我们将乐于为贵公司提供同样的服务，作为对这次协助的报答。 Should opportunity occur, it would give us great pleasure to be able to render you a similar service as the return for the assistant. 朋友唯一能提供的真正服务，就是拿起一面镜子，让你看见自己高贵的影像，使你鼓起勇气，坚持下去。 The only service a friend can really render is to keep up your courage by holding up to you a mirror in which you can see a noble image of yourself.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. 世界经济处于危急状态，各国政府必须采取紧急措施应对。(desperate) desperate: adj. necessary The world economy is in a desperate situation, so all governments must take desperate measures to cope with.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： Translate the following sentences into English. 一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。 A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants. 在之后的危机环境下，政府愈加增发钞票。 In the desperate circumstances which followed, the government issued ever more notes.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. 我花了很长的时间才开始感觉到对英语能运用自如。 (feel at home) If you feel at home in something, you are good at it, you can use it with great ease or it is under your disposal. It was a long time before I began to feel at home in English.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： Translate the following sentences into English. 西德维尔很快就在球队找到了熟悉的感觉，在这里他找到了很多朋友。 Steve is already beginning to feel at home with his new team mates. He already knew a number of them. 为了使这里更像家的感觉，他们把墙壁装饰了一通，还在墙上写了一些格言。 To make themselves feel more at home, they decorated the walls with sayings. 尽管我以前从未在银行工作过，但我觉得在银行工作非常舒适自在。 Although I’ve never worked for a bank before, I feel quite at home there.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. 由于经济衰退，有些中小企业家可以说是债台高筑。 (so to speak) “So to speak” means to use a manner of speaking; figuratively speaking: We still don’t have our heads above water, so to speak. Because of the financial recession, some of small- and medium-size enterprises are, so to speak, up to their necks in debt.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： Translate the following sentences into English. 也可以说她过的是一种天真烂漫的生活。 She was in a state of innocence, so to speak. 可以说，人的一生都在追求美好的生活。 The whole life, so to speak, is involved in the pursuit of good life. 人类社会的历史可以说就是人类不断追求和实现自由的历史。 The history of mankind has been, so to speak, a freedom seeking and realizing history.

Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Dictation Fill in the blanks

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Dictation You will hear a passage read three times. At the first reading, you should listen carefully for its general idea. At the second reading, you are required to write down the exact words you have just heard (with proper punctuation). At the third reading, you should check what you have written down.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Dictation It is simple enough to say / that since books have classes / — fiction, biography, poetry / — we should separate them / and take from each what it is right / that each should give us. / Yet few people ask from books / what books can give us. / Most commonly we come to books / with blurred and divided minds, / asking of fiction that it shall be true, / of poetry that it shall be false, / of biography that it shall be flattering, / of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. / If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, / that would be an admirable beginning. / Do not dictate to your author: / try to become him. / Be his fellow-worker and accomplice.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate. The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind; we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. A borrowed book is a (1) in the house; it must be treated with punctiliousness, with a (2) considerate formality. You must see that it sustains no (3) ; it must not suffer while under your roof. You cannot leave it carelessly, you cannot make it, you cannot turn down the (4) , you cannot use it familiarly. And then, some day, (5) this is seldom done, you really ought to return it. guest ______ certain ________ damage ________ pages _______ although __________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening But your own books belong to you; you treat them with that affectionate (6) that annihilates formality. Books are for use, not for show; you should own no book that you are afraid to (7) up, or afraid to place on the table, wide open and face down. A good reason for marking favorite pages in books is that this (8) enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to refer to them quickly, and then in late years, it is like visiting a forest (9) you once blazed a trail. You have the pleasure of going over the old ground, and recalling both the intellectual scenery and your own (10) self. intimacy __________ mark ______ practice __________ where _______ earlier ________

Consolidation Activities- Hints 1
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Here you can use a word meaning “someone new to a place”. The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind; we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. A borrowed book is a (1) in the house; it must be treated with punctiliousness, with a (2) considerate formality. You must see that it sustains no (3) ; it must not suffer while under your roof. You cannot leave it carelessly, you cannot make it, you cannot turn down the (4) , you cannot use it familiarly. And then, some day, (5) this is seldom done, you really ought to return it. guest ______ certain ________ damage ________ pages _______ although __________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Here you can use a word meaning “a certain amount of”. The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind; we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. A borrowed book is a (1) in the house; it must be treated with punctiliousness, with a (2) considerate formality. You must see that it sustains no (3) ; it must not suffer while under your roof. You cannot leave it carelessly, you cannot make it, you cannot turn down the (4) , you cannot use it familiarly. And then, some day, (5) this is seldom done, you really ought to return it. guest ______ certain ________ damage ________ pages _______ although __________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening The book deserves good care and no ruins. The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind; we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. A borrowed book is a (1) in the house; it must be treated with punctiliousness, with a (2) considerate formality. You must see that it sustains no (3) ; it must not suffer while under your roof. You cannot leave it carelessly, you cannot make it, you cannot turn down the (4) , you cannot use it familiarly. And then, some day, (5) this is seldom done, you really ought to return it. guest ______ certain ________ damage ________ pages _______ although __________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening The book is read page by page. The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind; we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. A borrowed book is a (1) in the house; it must be treated with punctiliousness, with a (2) considerate formality. You must see that it sustains no (3) ; it must not suffer while under your roof. You cannot leave it carelessly, you cannot make it, you cannot turn down the (4) , you cannot use it familiarly. And then, some day, (5) this is seldom done, you really ought to return it. guest ______ certain ________ damage ________ pages _______ although __________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Here you can use a word meaning “despite”. The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind; we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. A borrowed book is a (1) in the house; it must be treated with punctiliousness, with a (2) considerate formality. You must see that it sustains no (3) ; it must not suffer while under your roof. You cannot leave it carelessly, you cannot make it, you cannot turn down the (4) , you cannot use it familiarly. And then, some day, (5) this is seldom done, you really ought to return it. guest ______ certain ________ damage ________ pages _______ although __________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening But your own books belong to you; you treat them with that affectionate (6) that annihilates formality. Books are for use, not for show; you should own no book that you are afraid to (7) up, or afraid to place on the table, wide open and face down. A good reason for marking favorite pages in books is that this (8) enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to refer to them quickly, and then in late years, it is like visiting a forest (9) you once blazed a trail. You have the pleasure of going over the old ground, and recalling both the intellectual scenery and your own (10) self. Here you can use a word meaning “close tie”. intimacy __________ mark ______ practice __________ where _______ earlier ________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening But your own books belong to you; you treat them with that affectionate (6) that annihilates formality. Books are for use, not for show; you should own no book that you are afraid to (7) up, or afraid to place on the table, wide open and face down. A good reason for marking favorite pages in books is that this (8) enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to refer to them quickly, and then in late years, it is like visiting a forest (9) you once blazed a trail. You have the pleasure of going over the old ground, and recalling both the intellectual scenery and your own (10) self. You may write on the book. intimacy __________ mark ______ practice __________ where _______ earlier ________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening But your own books belong to you; you treat them with that affectionate (6) that annihilates formality. Books are for use, not for show; you should own no book that you are afraid to (7) up, or afraid to place on the table, wide open and face down. A good reason for marking favorite pages in books is that this (8) enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to refer to them quickly, and then in late years, it is like visiting a forest (9) you once blazed a trail. You have the pleasure of going over the old ground, and recalling both the intellectual scenery and your own (10) self. Here you can use a word meaning “behavior”. intimacy __________ mark ______ practice __________ where _______ earlier ________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening But your own books belong to you; you treat them with that affectionate (6) that annihilates formality. Books are for use, not for show; you should own no book that you are afraid to (7) up, or afraid to place on the table, wide open and face down. A good reason for marking favorite pages in books is that this (8) enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to refer to them quickly, and then in late years, it is like visiting a forest (9) you once blazed a trail. You have the pleasure of going over the old ground, and recalling both the intellectual scenery and your own (10) self. Here you can use a word to lead an attributive clause. intimacy __________ mark ______ practice __________ where _______ earlier ________

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening But your own books belong to you; you treat them with that affectionate (6) that annihilates formality. Books are for use, not for show; you should own no book that you are afraid to (7) up, or afraid to place on the table, wide open and face down. A good reason for marking favorite pages in books is that this (8) enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to refer to them quickly, and then in late years, it is like visiting a forest (9) you once blazed a trail. You have the pleasure of going over the old ground, and recalling both the intellectual scenery and your own (10) self. Here you can use a word meaning “previous”. intimacy __________ mark ______ practice __________ where _______ earlier ________

Consolidation Activities- Oral activities
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Giving a talk Having a discussion

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Giving a talk Imagine yourself to be the seven-year-old Pearl Buck, living in a place south of the Yangtze River. Suppose one day you have spent the whole day with the local people. Tell what you saw, heard, and did, basing your talk on the content of the second paragraph. You could probably begin your talk with “My dad and mom are busy, very, very busy. They have no time to spend on me. So I often walk out and wander along the river, sometimes for one or two hours, sometimes for a half or even a whole day. Now let me share with you what I saw, heard and did today.”

Consolidation Activities- For your reference1
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening For your reference: You may use the following words or expressions in your talk: solitary, rice fields, deep and treacherous and golden river, muddy fats, huge four-square nets, moving yellow flood, flashing, silver fish, villages of boat folk, shallower waters, threshing, rice and cabbage at meal time, answer careless questions, kind teasing laughter, alien.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Having a discussion As English majors, you must have read Charles Dickens either in the original or in Chinese, or have seen a movie or a TV play based on one of his novels, or at least have heard about him and his major novels. Have a discussion in groups of five or six, sharing information with your fellow students about Charles Dickens and his works.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening For your reference: ● I like Dickens’ quotes very much. For example, “Love makes the world go round.” “Industry is the soul of business and the keystone of prosperity.” “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going directly to Heaven, we were all going the other way.”

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening I like Hard Times very much. It was written specifically to challenge the prevailing view of his society, that is, practicality and facts were more important than feelings and persons. In this novel, Dickens despised the ruthlessness in business and public educational systems. He laid part of the charge for the heartlessness of Englishmen under the utilitarian philosophy. He taught me to despise money grubbing and to sympathize with the poor and innocent people. ●

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening I think Dickens’ most novels were written based on his personal experience. You see, he was born in Portsmouth to a clerk. When he was young, his father was imprisoned in the prison for debtors and at age twelve he began working in a blacking warehouse. It was a miserable time for the young Dickens, and its themes recur frequently in his novels, and the mistreatment of children and child labor are common subjects. ●

Consolidation Activities- Writing
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Misplaced modifiers Practice

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Misplaced Modifiers The meaning of English sentences depends largely on word order. The modifiers, whether they are single words, phrases, or clauses should point clearly to the words they modify. A misplaced modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that is improperly separated from the word it modifies or describes. Because of the separation, sentences with this error often sound awkward, ridiculous, or confusing. Furthermore, they can be downright illogical. Generally speaking, misplaced modifiers may fall into the following several categories.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening A. Misplaced limiting adverbs In standard written English, limiting modifiers, such as almost, even, hardly, just, nearly, merely, only, scarcely, simply etc., restrict or limit the meaning of the words they modify. They are usually placed immediately before the words they modify. The moving of such modifiers can change the meaning of a sentence. Example: Misplaced: Only owls can see in the darkness. [Other animals cannot see in the darkness.] Clear: Owls can see only in the darkness. [Owls cannot see in daytime.]

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening B. Misplaced phrases Phrases can appear at the beginning of a sentence, inside a sentence, or at the end. But we should be careful that they modify only what we intend them to modify. Example: Misplaced: In utter despair we could imagine what a man would do. [We are in despair.] Clear: We could imagine what a man in utter despair [A man is in despair.]

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening C. Misplaced clauses Adjective clauses usually come immediately after the noun they modify. When they are placed otherwise, the sentence may sound awkward, and its meaning may be obscure. Example: Misplaced: The customer sent back the food to the cook that was spoiled. [The cook was spoiled.] Clear: The customer sent back to the cook the food that was spoiled. [The food was spoiled.]

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening D. Squinting modifiers Squinting modifiers refer to those that may be understood to modify either a preceding word or a following one, leaving the reader uncertain about what it is intended to modify. A modifier can modify only one grammatical element in a sentence. It cannot serve two elements at once.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Example: Squinting: The teacher said on Monday she will return our essays. [Did the teacher say on Monday or would she return the essays on Monday?] Clear: On Monday the teacher said that she will return our essays. [She said on Monday.] The teacher said that she will return our essays on Monday. [She would return the essay on Monday.]

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening E. Awkward splitting of verb phrases A verb phrase consists of an auxiliary plus a main verb, as in will call, was going, had been writing. Such phrases constitute close grammatical units. We regularly insert single-word adverbs in them without causing awkwardness: Jane had almost completed her assignment. But when longer word groups interrupt verb phrases, the result is almost always awkward. Example: Awkward: You should now begin to, if you wish to pass the exam, work harder. Improved: If you wish to pass the exam, you should now begin to work harder.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice Each of the following sentences contains a misplaced modifier. Put it in the right place. 1. He said tonight he’d call me. Revised: Tonight, he said he’d call me. / He said he’d call me tonight. Tonight is a squinting modifier. It is not clear whether he said tonight or he would call me tonight.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. Dancing joyfully on the lawn, the mother found her kids. Revised: The mother found her kids dancing joyfully on the lawn. Dancing is misplaced. It is the kids instead of the mother who are dancing.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. Professor Brown taught a class on modern films that the students enjoyed. Revised: The students enjoyed Professor Brown’s class on modern films. That clause is misplaced. Students enjoyed the class instead of the films.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. A more challenging, as we see it, curriculum could be offered. Revised: As we see it, a more challenging curriculum could be offered. The phrase challenging curriculum is separated awkwardly.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 5. The young man needs someone to guide him onto the right path badly. Revised: The young man badly needs someone to guide him onto the right path. The adverb badly should be placed immediately before the word it modifies.

Consolidation Activities- Listening
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Attraction of a Bookshop Listen to the following passage and supply the missing information. Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely you are there to . You may even have entered the shop just to a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally . The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistible, although this ought not to be followed, as you might end up with __________________________ buy a book as a present ___________________ find shelter from ___________________ ______________ unaware of your surroundings ______________________ method of selection ____________________ a rather dull book

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening You soon become in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must to keep some — without buying a book, of course. This opportunity to of everyday life is, I think, the of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. You can such places If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with , “Can I help you, sir?” You needn’t buy anything if you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should until you have finished browsing. ___________ engrossed _________ dash off _________________________ forgotten appointment ______________________ escape the realities _________________ main attraction _______________ wander round __________________________ to your heart’s content ______ _____________________ the inevitable greeting ____________________________ remain in the background

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course you may want to find out where is, but when he has , the assistant should and look as if he is not interested in . You have to be careful not to be attracted by in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book and to come out carrying a copy of the This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section. _____________________ a particular section _______________ led you there _________________ retire carefully ______________________ selling a single book ______________________ the variety of books __________________ on ancient coins ___________________________ latest best-selling novel ____________ running up

Consolidation Activities- Script
Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Attraction of a Bookshop Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely you are there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment — without buying a book, of course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. You can wander round such places to your heart’s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting, “Can I help you, sir?” You needn’t buy anything if you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing.

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire carefully and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book. You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section.

Section Five Further Enhancement
Text II Memorable quotes Lead-in questions Text Questions for discussion

Lead-in questions Lead-in questions
Text II Memorable quotes Lead-in questions 1. What kind of books do you like to read most? 2. What do you think of “A book is a friend that will never turn its back upon us”?

Companionship of Books
Text1 Text II Memorable quotes Companionship of Books Samuel Smiles A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. 1

Text2 Text II Memorable quotes A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Men often discover their affinity to each other by the love they have each for a book — just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both have for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this, 2 3

Text3 Text II Memorable quotes “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them. “Books,” said Hazlitt, “wind into the heart; the poet’s verse slides in the current of our blood. We read them when young, we remember them when old. We feel that it has happened to ourselves. They are to be had very cheap and good. We breathe but the air of books.” 4

Text4 Text II Memorable quotes A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.” The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works. 5 6

Text5 Text II Memorable quotes Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. 7

Text6 Text II Memorable quotes Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe The great and good do not die even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one listens. Hence we ever remain under the influence of the great men of old The imperial intellects of the world are as much alive now as they were ages ago. 8 9

Samuel Smiles 1 Text II Memorable quotes Samuel Smiles ( ) was a Scottish author and reformer. Smiles is best known today as the writer of books praising virtues of self-help, and biographies praising the achievements of “heroic” engineers. Smiles’s self-help books have been cited as influential on the New Thought Movement in late 19th century America and England, and, in particular, on the career of the New Thought author Orison Swett Marden, who said that his early ambition had been to become “the Samuel Smiles of America.” Most of Smiles’s biographies were contained in the four-volume work, Lives of the Engineers, but he also wrote many other biographies. He selected the topics of his biographies as a means of emphasizing his

Samuel Smiles 2 Text II Memorable quotes thesis of self-help. These works have come to exemplify Victorian values for the modern reader. He received some criticism in his own time from socialists because of his emphasis on individual achievement. He was a prolific author of books and articles.

… there is a companionship …
Text II Memorable quotes … there is a companionship of books as well as of men; … (Paragraph 1): There are some books you enjoy spending your time reading just as there are some people you enjoy spending time with; … companionship: when you are with someone you enjoy being with, and are not alone e.g. When Stan died, I missed his companionship. Mrs. Greene keeps dogs for companionship and security.

…, whether it be … Text II Memorable quotes …, whether it be of books or of men. (Paragraph 1): … no matter whether the company should be that of books or that of men. Here the verb be is in the subjunctive. The subjunctive is a verb form or a set of verb forms in grammar, used in a few cases to express doubt, wishes, etc. In very formal language (e.g. legal documents), be is sometimes used after if and whatever. e.g. If any person be found guilty … … whatever be the reason

It does not turn its … Text II Memorable quotes It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. (Paragraph 2): It does not refuse to help us when we are in serious trouble or when we feel extremely unhappy. turn one’s back on: (often derog.) avoid; go away from, esp. when one should stay e.g. My explanation of the saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is that a person who never turns his/her back on you who are in need of help is a real friend.

Love me, love my … Text II Memorable quotes Love me, love my dog. (Paragraph 3): If you love someone, you must accept everything about them, even their faults or weakness. This is a proverb similar in meaning to the Chinese saying “爱屋及乌”. And in the text, “ Love me, love my book” is the writer’s wise twist of the proverb to express his idea that true friends should cherish similar feelings about certain books.

The book is a truer … Text II Memorable quotes The book is a truer and higher bond of union. (Paragraph 3): The book joins one person and his / her friends together by offering a means of “talking” with and understanding each other through their favorite author.

“Books,” said Hazlitt … Text II Memorable quotes “Books,” said Hazlitt, “wind into the heart; the poet’s verse slides in the current of our blood. We read them when young, we remember them when old. We feel that it has happened to ourselves. They are to be had very cheap and good. We breathe but the air of books.” (Paragraph 4): In Hazlitt’s opinion, good books gradually gain our love and trust; the poet’s verse produces a surprisingly emotional effect on us without our conscious realization. Good books always appeal to us: we enjoy reading them in our youth and we maintain their noble ideas in our old age. We feel that the problems of people we meet in books are like our own. Books can be easily obtained and they express everlasting truth. We get the fullest possible value from what we read.

A good book is often … Text II Memorable quotes A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; … (Paragraph 5): A good book preserves and exposes us to broad human values and wisdom of human civilization. If a tradition, right, etc. is enshrined in something, it is preserved and protected so that people will remember and respect it. e.g. The right of free speech is enshrined in the Constitution. Memories of happier days were enshrined in the old man’s heart.

“They are never alone,” …
Text II Memorable quotes “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.” (Paragraph 5): Sir Philip Sidney believed that those that are enjoying morally wor-thy ideas never feel lonely.

The good and true … Text II Memorable quotes The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. (Paragraph 6): The good and true thought may help one to know all about good and evil or right and wrong, remove evil from one’s soul, and guide one’s behavior. temptation: a strong desire to have or do something even though you know you should not e.g. She thought of taking a day off work, but resisted the temptation. I finally gave in to the temptation and had a cigarette.

It also enshrines … Text II Memorable quotes It also enshrines the germs of action, … (Paragraph 6): It is also a source of inspiration for good works, … The germ of an idea, theory, feeling, etc. is the early stage of an idea, theory, feeling, etc. that may develop into something bigger and more important. e.g. The germ of a story began to form in his mind.

Books possess an essence ….
Text II Memorable quotes Books possess an essence of immortality. (Paragraph 7): Books boast an eternal life, i.e. they will be passed on from generation to generation.

Time is of no … Text II Memorable quotes Time is of no account with great thoughts, … (Paragraph 7): Good books are beyond time and place, … of great/no account: of great/no importance e.g. His opinion is of no account in my research.

Books introduce us … Text II Memorable quotes Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. (Paragraph 8): Books usher us into the best society, where we find ourselves in front of the most important thinkers, people of letters, philosophers, etc. that have ever lived in this world.

… as if we were … Text II Memorable quotes … as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. (Paragraph 8): … as though we played various roles, to some degree, with the writers in the scenes they depict. in a measure: to a degree e.g. Drunkenness is in a measure responsible for traffic accidents.

Embalmed in books … Text II Memorable quotes Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. (Paragraph 9): Preserved in their books, authors can still speak to us after death. abroad: over a wide area; everywhere e.g. Corporations do not want their commercial secrets spread abroad.

The imperial intellects …
Text II Memorable quotes The imperial intellects of the world are as much alive now as they were ages ago. (Paragraph 9): Great thoughts of the world gain everlasting power and authority, appealing to readers of all generations.

Questions for discussion1
Text II Memorable quotes Questions for discussion 1. Why is a good book the most patient and cheerful of companions? A good book offers the reader a means of communication with the author, we find pleasure in learning about life and possible solutions to our problems in a good book. Through it, we sometimes understand situations which are hard to understand in real life.

Text II Memorable quotes Questions for discussion 2. What are the essential qualities of a good book? Good books beyond time and place expose us to the accumulated wisdom of human civilization. They see into the very depths of our souls and guide our behavior. They point out evils in society and challenge us to seek social or political reforms. They express feelings that people anywhere might have at any time and provide knowledge about unfamiliar subjects or give new insights into familiar ones.

Text II Memorable quotes Questions for discussion 3. How does the good and true thought act as an angel of mercy? It may help to purify and exalt one’s narrow, selfish and petty personal aims of life into a noble and meaningful purpose of life. 4. Why are good works immortal? Good work speak to us about broad human values besides the meaningful words and phrases used. These values are universal and have a far-reaching impression.

Text II Memorable quotes Questions for discussion 5. According to the author, what is the ultimate goal of reading a good book? The ultimate goal of reading a good book is to be able to understand it, to evaluate it, and to use it for one’s needs. A good book expand our experiences and abilities and to find new interests.

Memorable Quotes Memorable Quotes
Text II Memorable quotes Memorable Quotes Read the following quotes and find out what do they have in common regarding “art”. Guidance: Art has not always been what we think it is today. An object regarded as art today may not have been perceived as such when it was first made, nor was the person who made it necessarily regarded as an artist. Art may be described as the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences — rather than what it is i.e. “work of art” It is difficult to define art, while as a matter of fact art plays a large part in making our lives infinitely rich.

Text II Memorable quotes Memorable Quotes Friedrich von Schiller (1759 – 1805) was a German poet, philosopher, historian and playwright. Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (1839 – 1881) was an innovator of Russian music in the romantic period.

Text II Memorable quotes Memorable Quotes 1. Art is the right hand of nature. The latter only gave us being, but the former made us men. — Friedrich von Schiller Art is the right hand of nature. Nature only gave us the body, while art gave us spirit and then we became men with thought. the former … the latter: being the first of the two mentioned … being the second of the two mentioned e.g. He got the offer from P&G and Unilever; he prefer the former over the latter.

Memorable Quotes Text II Memorable quotes 2. Art is not an end in itself, but a means of addressing humanity. — M.P. Mousorgsky Art is created not for the art itself, but for acting as a way to communicate with people. address: to speak to sb. directly e.g. President Obama addresses the nation on education reform.

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