2. QUESTIONS Has licensing generated sponsored research? How has it affected knowledge sharing & use of research? Has faculty research been diverted in response to financial incentives associated with Bayh Dole? Little known Some known Very little known

3. How Are License Funds Spent? 41% of royalty income to administration or inventor department ( Thursby, Jensen, & Thursby 2001 JTT) Sponsored research associated with licenses as % of license funds ( AUTM Surveys )

4. INDUSTRY SPONSORED RESEARCH Benefits Complementary to basic research agenda Mansfield 1995 ReStat Zucker et al. 1994, 1998 Access to equipment & data Morgan, Strickland, & Kannankutty surveys (NSF) What are the costs?

5. Restrictions From IP Issues Publication restrictions Blumenthal 1997 JAMA Cohen, Florida, and Randazzese 1997 Thursby and Thursby 2000 Publication delay related to patent/commercialization Reluctance to share research related to scientific priority Sharing of materials and research Blumenthal 1997

6. Faculty Effort Important for commercial development of many university inventions Jensen & Thursby AER 2001 Agarwal 2000 Inventions in early stages of development Most are proof of concept or lab scale prototype

7. FACULTY INVOLVEMENT Thursby and Thursby 2000 Business Survey

8. Focus of Faculty Research Tradition of applied research before Bayh-Dole Mowery, Nelson, Sampat, & Ziedonis 1999 Research Policy New willingness of faculty to disclose inventions? Thursby & Thursby 2001 Management Science Evidence of changes in academic research Cohen, Florida, Randezzese, & Walsh 1997 Morgan, Kannankutty, & Strickland (NSF )

9. Need Data on Individual Faculty to Examine Have research agendas changed? If so, Is it faculty with a comparative advantage in basic or applied research? Why the change? Is it individual or policy effects? –Age distribution of faculty –Funding availability –University policies Thursby & Thursby—panel database of research and disclosure activity of 7000 faculty from 11 universities for 1983-1999 (NSF)