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Important Tools in Biology. 1. Centrifuge Used to separate the parts of the cell by spinning it around a solution and separating it into several layers.

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Presentation on theme: "Important Tools in Biology. 1. Centrifuge Used to separate the parts of the cell by spinning it around a solution and separating it into several layers."— Presentation transcript:

1 Important Tools in Biology

2 1. Centrifuge Used to separate the parts of the cell by spinning it around a solution and separating it into several layers according to weight Used to separate the parts of the cell by spinning it around a solution and separating it into several layers according to weight

3 2. Microdissection apparatus Used to control the movement of a variety of tiny instruments that enable a biology to work on cells or other very small specimens

4 3. Computers Help collect, store and analyze data Help collect, store and analyze data

5 4. Microscopes Produces greatly magnified images, pictures, or even videotapes Produces greatly magnified images, pictures, or even videotapes Microscopes operate on two basic principles: resolution (the ability to make objects or specimens visible) and magnification power (the ability to magnify or enlarge an object) Microscopes operate on two basic principles: resolution (the ability to make objects or specimens visible) and magnification power (the ability to magnify or enlarge an object)

6 Types of Microscopes Simple microscope – also known as a magnifying glass and consists of a single lens Simple microscope – also known as a magnifying glass and consists of a single lens Light microscope – uses light to produce an enlarged view of an object Light microscope – uses light to produce an enlarged view of an object Compound microscope – uses two lenses. One lens produces an enlarged image that is further magnified by the second lens Compound microscope – uses two lenses. One lens produces an enlarged image that is further magnified by the second lens

7 Types of Microscopes Electron microscopee – uses streams of electrons that bend in much the same way as beams of light are bent by glass lenses Electron microscopee – uses streams of electrons that bend in much the same way as beams of light are bent by glass lenses Phase-contrast microscope – a special type of compound microscope. It allows details within living organisms to be seen without staining Phase-contrast microscope – a special type of compound microscope. It allows details within living organisms to be seen without staining Stereomicroscope or binocular microscope – a type of light microscope used in studying the surface or external structure of specimens. Stereomicroscope or binocular microscope – a type of light microscope used in studying the surface or external structure of specimens.

8 Common Laboratory Techniques in Biology Fixation – soaking of a specimen in a fixative like formaldehyde after cutting it into small pieces Fixation – soaking of a specimen in a fixative like formaldehyde after cutting it into small pieces Mounting – placing of a specimen on a slide for investigation Mounting – placing of a specimen on a slide for investigation Embedding – placing of a fixed specimen in wax or plastic so that it can be easily sliced Embedding – placing of a fixed specimen in wax or plastic so that it can be easily sliced

9 Common Laboratory Techniques in Biology Sectioning – slicing of an embedded specimen into very thin cuts by a microscope Sectioning – slicing of an embedded specimen into very thin cuts by a microscope Staining – coloring of specimens to bring out more details in a specific cell or in tissue structures Staining – coloring of specimens to bring out more details in a specific cell or in tissue structures Centrifugation – use of centrifuge to spin suspended materials in a liquid so as to collect these materials by fractions or layers Centrifugation – use of centrifuge to spin suspended materials in a liquid so as to collect these materials by fractions or layers

10 Common Laboratory Techniques in Biology Microdissection – use of tiny instruments to perform various operations on living cells; done under a microscope Microdissection – use of tiny instruments to perform various operations on living cells; done under a microscope Chromatography – separation and analysis of complex chemical mixtures. Color comparison is usually its basis. Chromatography – separation and analysis of complex chemical mixtures. Color comparison is usually its basis. Electrophoresis – separation of substances composed of particles with electric charges Electrophoresis – separation of substances composed of particles with electric charges

11 Common Laboratory Techniques in Biology Spectrophotometry – use of light to analyze samples to determine what a substance is and how much of it is present in a sample Spectrophotometry – use of light to analyze samples to determine what a substance is and how much of it is present in a sample Cell and tissue culture – technique used to maintain living cells or tissues in a tissue culture outside the body. Cell and tissue culture – technique used to maintain living cells or tissues in a tissue culture outside the body.


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