12. Recognize the signs in: Yourself As a Passenger Other Drivers The National Road Safety Foundation, Inc.

18. How much sleep did you get last night? How much should you have? How much should a teenager have?

19. Would you believe 9 to 10 hours?

21. Did you know? 85% of adolescents get less than recommended sleep on school nights 56% of teens report getting less sleep than they need By 12 th grade average sleep on school nights is 6.9 hrs. –By end of week sleep debt=10.5 hours

22. Good Sleep Healthier Attractive Taller Stronger Faster More athletic Smarter

23. NSF poll 28% fall asleep at least one time per week 22% fall asleep doing homework Less sleep –Lower grades –Depressed mood “A” Students –Sleep 15 min more than B students –26 min more than C students –36 min more than D students Teachers were able to predict students sleep amounts by academic and classroom behavior

25. Primary Symptoms of ADHD Hyperactivity Inattention Impulsivity Distractibility Difficulty concentrating Forgetful Difficulty waiting or taking turns Sleep Deprivation in Kids Hyperactivity Inattention Impulsivity Distractibility Difficulty concentrating Forgetful Oppositional behavior Moodiness and irritability

26. Did you know? It is estimated that at least 50% of kids diagnosed with ADHD actually have sleep disorder.

28. What happens when you don’t sleep?

30. Consequences of Sleep Deprivation Cognitive and social impairment Decreases ability to think –Creative –Problem solving –Abstract thought –Decision making/judgement Mood and depression Reduced endurance Increased risk seeking behavior Impaired motor function –Decreased coordination –Blurred vision –Prolonged reaction time Delayed visual reaction time Delayed auditory reaction time

31. Fatigue vs. Alcohol  17 hours sustained wakefulness produces performance impairment =.08% BAC  24 hours =.10% BAC (Dawson & Reid, 1997; Williamson & Feyer, 2000).  Synergistic effect  On 4 hours sleep, 1 beer can have the impact of a six- pack (Roehrs et al., 1994)

32. *Approximate breath ethanol concentration (BrEC) at peak; † Above 0.05% for legal intoxication in many states. N=32 healthy subjects without prior sleep deprivation and with  85% sleep efficiency. Sleep loss group (n=12) was tested in all 4 conditions, with 3 to 7 days of recovery time between tests, and compared with ethanol group (n=20). Roehrs T, et al. Sleep. 2003;26:981-985. BrEC, %* Sleep time (hours in bed) Legal Intoxication † Hours of Sleep and Equivalent Blood Alcohol Level for Sedative Effects

33. Why don’t you get enough sleep? Not a priority

34. Not enough sleep Sleep just is not set as a priority –School –Homework –Sports –Social life –Television –Internet –Etc all get in the way

35. They want to sleep, but aren’t able Their internal clock is shifted several hours later. –Bedtimes shifts to 11-1am Trying to go to bed at 10 is similar to adult trying to go to bed at 8 pm –Wake up times shift accordingly Shortened sleep time

38. Junk sleep 98.5% have at least one electronic device in their bedroom (TV, Phone or mp3 player) –65% had all 3 –Greater number of items Less amount of sleep Greater amount of daytime sleepiness

39. Sleep Disorders Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Restless Legs/Periodic Limb Movement Parasomnias Insomnia –Stress/worry/body clock

40. Tips to help sleep Make sleep a priority!!!!! Establish regular sleep schedule and routine –Encourage relaxing, non-alerting activity Read Write Avoid TV and PC Make Bedroom a NO gadget zone. –Place recharging station in kitchen not bedroom. Avoid Caffeine. Expose yourself to light in the morning. Exercise, but not too close to bedtime. Avoid late naps

42. What are signs of Drowsy Driving? Difficulty focusing Frequent blinking Daydreaming at the wheel Drifting from your lane Swerving or tailgating Can’t remember last few miles driven Yawning and head snaps Missing exits or traffic signs

43. Who drives drowsy?

44. Who Drives Drowsy? BB y age 33 0-64, 52%  6 5+, 19% 11 8-29, 71% 55 1% of adolescents who drive report that they have driven drowsy in the past year 11 6% of 11 th graders and 20% of 12 th graders drive drowsy once a week or more. * * NSF's 2006 Sleep in America poll

45. Indicators of Typical Drowsy Driving Crash  Between midnight and 6:00 am  Secondary peak in midafternoon  Lone, Male driver  A single vehicle drifts off the road  Hits stationary object  Or rolls vehicle  Most are rear-end or head-on collisions  Many involve serious injuries and/or fatalities  No severing or skid marks (Pack, 1995, Knipling & Wang 1995)

46.  Driver ASLEEP, DROWSY  Driver DISTRACTED (As specified on 1043 reports) - 82% - 18% Drift-off crashes as Self Report

47. This suggests that drivers are able to accurately assess sleepiness while driving but do not act accordingly –Nabi, Et al 2006, BMJ

48. How do YOU stay awake while driving?

49. Which of these work? Energy Drinks Roll down the windows Turn up the radio (49%) Talk on cell phone (22%) Change radio station, CD or MP3 Turn down the air conditioning Sing along with the radio Speed (11%) Text Message (11%)

50. Countermeasures Watch for the warning signs of fatigue –Co-pilot If sleepy STOP DRIVING GET ENOUGH SLEEP!!!!! Take a 20-30 minute nap Consume at least 200 mg of caffeine prior

52. 75% of teens reported seeing their peers driving while fatigued.

53. How you can help Tell everyone you know our story. Never Drive Drowsy. Visit TyREDD website or Facebook page. Share the link and help spread the word. Never ride in a car with a Drowsy Driver. Plan ahead, get enough sleep, and recognize the signs of Drowsy Driving Never Believe this won't happen to you….Tyler Did now I am telling his story to save someone else's life!