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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 Chapter 9 Local Government Section 1:Units of Local Government Section 2:Town, Township, and Village Governments Section 3:City Government Section 4:How Governments Work Together
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 Chapter 9 OBJECTIVES How are local governments established, and why are they needed? How did the county system of government begin in the United States? How is county government organized, and what are the main purposes of each level of county government? Section 1:Units of Local Government
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 Chapter 9 Local governments are established by and given powers from the state governments. define their powers, responsibilities, and organization by charter from the state. provide services for citizens. maintain roads, running water, sewage systems, sidewalks, street cleaning, and trash collection. supervise privately owned electric and transportation systems. Section 1:Units of Local Government
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 Chapter 9 The county system of government in the United States: Borrowed from England, began in the southern agricultural states Scattered population gathered at the county seat to discuss issues. Section 1:Units of Local Government
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 Chapter 9 Organization and purpose of county government: County board is elected by voters and forms the legislative body. The county board supervises elections; enforces state laws; collects taxes; and provides health and welfare services, libraries, roads, and schools. County officials include sheriff and deputies, county clerk, treasurer, auditor, and district attorney. Some counties have elected a county manager and a county executive. Section 1:Units of Local Government
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 Chapter 9 OBJECTIVES Where did town government begin, and how has it changed? Why did townships and special districts develop, and how does each function? Why are villages and boroughs created, and how do they operate? Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Chapter 9 Town Governments Town governments began in the New England colonies. Today, selectmen and selectwomen are elected to manage the town’s affairs. Officials discuss the town business and a vote is taken on each item. Population growth has inhibited direct democracy. Higher populations require more local services. Town managers and representative town meetings have developed. Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 Chapter 9 Townships First type: developed in the Middle Atlantic states; maintained roads and schools and assisted the poor Second type: divisions of land in the Midwestern states that were developed by Congress in 1785 as part of a surveying system Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 Chapter 9 Special Districts Developed to serve special needs of an area The most numerous form of local government Operated by a commission Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 Chapter 9 Villages and Boroughs Created when populations grow and need to organize Self-governing municipalities Collect taxes and provide local services Governed by a council with an executive (mayor) Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 Chapter 9 OBJECTIVES What is a city, and what services do city governments provide for their residents? How are city governments established? What are the different types of city governments and their functions? Section 3:City Government
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 Chapter 9 Cities are larger than other local governments. often have large populations crowded into a small area. must deal with education, health, safety, transportation, sanitation, water supply, and fire and police protection. Section 3:City Government
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 Chapter 9 City Governments Established by and receive charters from state legislatures Some cities have been granted home rule and can write their own charters. Home rule cities manage their own affairs. Some states limit the independence of their cities’ governments. Section 3:City Government
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 Chapter 9 Different types of city governments and their functions: Mayor-Council Government—Mayor prepares the budget, proposes laws, and appoints officials; city council passes laws and approves the mayor’s appointments; cities have weak-mayor plans and strong-mayor plans. Section 3:City Government
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 Chapter 9 Different types of city governments and their functions: (continued) Commission Government—Board of commissioners passes laws and carries out the functions of government. Council-Manager Government—City council passes laws and appoints the city manager, who proposes laws and appoints department heads. Section 3:City Government
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 Chapter 9 OBJECTIVES Why is there a division of powers among different levels of government? Why did the federal government become involved in the building of roads? What government functions require the cooperation of different levels of government? Section 4:How Governments Work Together
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 Chapter 9 Division of powers among levels of government: Local, state, and federal governments have clearly defined powers. Each level of government has the power needed to do its job. All levels of government obey the U.S. Constitution. The federal system keeps the powers of each level clearly defined. Section 4:How Governments Work Together
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18 Chapter 9 The federal government is involved in building roads. Roads were originally local projects. As the country grew, Congress voted to federally fund roads connecting the east to the west. Late 1800s—state funds first used to manage local roads Interstate highway system is a joint effort of state and federal governments. Good roads contribute to the safety and well-being of all citizens. Section 4:How Governments Work Together
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A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19 Chapter 9 Government functions requiring the cooperation of different levels of government: Public education—funds and services from the state; schools controlled by local boards; special funds from the federal government Federal Bureau of Investigation and the local and state police—work together and share state crime laboratories Stores and businesses—state licensing boards ensure quality local services; grants-in-aid and block grants given to state and local governments from federal government Section 4:How Governments Work Together
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