1. A Mobile Ad hoc Biosensor Network Muzammil KP S7,ECE Govt. Engg. College, Wayanad

2. Biosensors Introduction A Mobile Ad hoc biosensor Network  Routing in the mobile Ad hoc biosensor network Security in biosensor networks  System model  Constraints of biosensor network  Security requirements of biosensor networks Conclusion

3. Introduction A biosensor is an analytical device which converts a biological response into an electrical signal. Its self-contained integrated device which is capable of providing specific quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical information using a biological recognition element which is in direct spatial contact with a transducer element..

4. Biosensor consists of three parts:  A sensitive biological element  A transducer  A detector element. Biosensors offer the opportunity to sense the biological world providing valuable information for medical diagnostics, analytical chemistry, environmental monitoring and fundamental research.

5. Mobile Ad hoc Biosensor Network Recent research shows that it is possible to set up an animal mobile sensor network for search and rescue operations. Applications of such an animal sensor network have great importance to society, including natural disaster recovery, homeland security and military operations. A human operator must be within the radio transmission range of a rat to manually guide the rat.

6. Mobile Ad hoc Biosensor Network Each animal will carry a backpack, containing :  a microprocessor a wireless transceiver  a video camera  other positioning sensors (e.g. compass and GPS)  a battery.

7. To reduce the battery load on each animal and the complexity of guiding many animals simultaneously  Seekers are trained to find a particular kind of target  Followers are trained to closely follow a seeker everywhere.  Relays form a chain of repeaters to ensure the connectivity between the seeker/follower and the command center. Mobile Ad hoc Biosensor Network

9. A backpack without camera to be carried by a follower or a relay.

10. Mobile Ad hoc Biosensor Network A mobile sensor network with controlled animals consists of several inter-related research components they are:  Animal training and behavior modelling, which develops automated training and rewarding techniques for guided rats to perform different functions.  Sensor data processing and transmission. The video and other sensor data will be processed locally.  Cooperative control of animal sensors. Cooperative control techniques, which can autonomously guide and reward a large set of animals with different tasks, need to be investigated.  Wireless communications. The wireless network communication of this system will address several unique challenges imposed by the need for the network of seeker and relay animals.

11. Mobile Ad hoc Biosensor Network In an animal sensor network, that is biosensor network there are typically two kinds of messages: sensor data (e.g., video or pictures captured by the seeker) and control messages. Routing:  Flooding techniques are used for control messages.  For data messages, using location-aware routing can reduce the redundancy, so that a packet will be forwarded only by a subset of nodes in the network.

12. Mobile Ad hoc Biosensor Network A simple routing algorithm is proposed for data messages. In this sensor network, it is not practical to depend on GPS to get the location knowledge of animals, since the animal sensors may work underground or in an environment where GPS does not work well. In this system the hop number to the distance from a node to the final destination, typically the control center. This routing algorithm is called as hop-aware flooding.

13. Biosensors can also be implanted inside the human body to monitor parts of the body. These biosensors form a network and collectively monitor the health condition of their carrier or host. Biosensors may be used for monitoring the physiological parameters like blood pressure, glucose levels and collecting the data for further analysis. Biosensors placed in the subcutaneous layer of skin, nasal area, tongue,etc. This information is of personal nature and is required to be secured. Constraints of the biosensor networks.  Low power  Limited memory  Low computational capability  Low communication rate.

14. System model

15. Security requirements of biosensor networks:  Data Confidentiality: Keep the data that is communicated between biosensors from being accessed by unauthorized entities.  Data Authenticity: Authenticity is the property of the data by which the recipient of the data can verify and trust that claimed sender is in reality the actual sender.  Data Integrity: It is possible that data can be modified by a hostile entity, while it is being transmitted. Key distribution is central to any security mechanism.

16. All the security requirements described above can be fulfilled if a key is successfully and securely distributed.  Data on encryption is unavailable to unauthorized entities thereby making it confidential.  Since the key is distributed securely, it is possessed only by the legitimate parties and hence only they can encrypt and send data which would decrypt properly with the shared key.  Data integrity can be obtained by sending the message digest (MAC) of the data computed using the secret key along with data.

17. Conclusion A biosensor is a sensor which incorporates a biological element A mobile ad hoc sensor network using autonomously controlled animals is presented. A new routing scheme, hop-aware flooding, is devised for this special mobile ad hoc network. In a biosensor network all the security requirements described above can be fulfilled if a key is successfully and securely distributed.

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