1. Lesson 1 Arctic Adventures 1. Not only have Susan Butcher and her sled dogs won the Iditarod Sled Dog Race on four occasions, but they’ve also beaten death. 1) Not only…but (also/…as well) 与部分倒装 2) Beat death （战胜死亡）： Beat sb (defeat sb/win against sb/do better than sb) --Our team was easily beaten. --He beats me at almost every aspect that I am interested in. --Nothing beats home cooking. --You can’t beat Italian clothes.

2. Halt, cow, in the black of night 2. Susan Butcher called her sled team to a quick halt in the black of night about 150 miles out of Anchorage. A cow (female) moose stood blocking the trail ahead. Halt: temporary stop; interruption of progress; standstill Halt: temporary stop; interruption of progress; standstill --Work was brought/came to a halt when the machine broke down. --Let’s call a halt to our meeting and we will continue tomorrow. (call a halt to sth: 停止工作，改掉某习惯 ) (call a halt to sth: 停止工作，改掉某习惯 )

3. eager 3. Butcher was eager to move on. Eager for sth/to do sth (full of interest or desire for sth/to do sth; keen on sth/to do sth) --She is eager for success. --He is eager to please his boss. Cf. anxious for sth/to do sth; eagerness/anxiety

4. Set a record, leg of the trip, never…better 4. Butcher had already set a new time record for the first leg of the trip, and her chances of winning had never been better. 1) Set a record for sth/break a record/keep a record/equal a record 2) The first leg of the trip: the first section/part of a journey ( 一段行程 ) --The last leg of our trip was the most tiring. --After the stranger joined us, the rest leg of the journey became more interesting. 3) Never…better = the best --He could never do it better. --I can’t agree with you more. --Her chance to get a promotion could never be better.

5. Charge sb with sth, charge (at) sb/sth 5. The moose turned and charged straight into the dog team. Charge 1) Charge sb with sth: accuse sb of sth --He was charged with murder/theft. --She charged me with neglecting my duty. 2) Charge (at) sb/sth: rush forward and attack sb/sth --The soldiers charged (at) the enemy lines bravely. --I didn't know why that man suddenly charged into the crowd and madly shouted. --The children playfully charged down the stairs to welcome their father.

6. Charge sb for sth, hesitation 3) Charge (sb) for sth --How much do you charge for mending shoes? --As long as you’ve paid in advance, we won’t charge you for the delivery. 6. Without hesitation, she grabbed the ax, … Hesitation  hesitate (at/about/over sth) --He replied without hesitation. --He hesitated before replying. --She hesitates to spend so much money on clothes. --He’s still hesitating about joining in the army.

7. Approach, swing, not simply… 7. Again Butcher approached the moose, swinging her ax. This was not simply a valuable team and her best chance of a win, these dogs were her closest friends. 1) Approach 2) Swing 3) Not simply…

8. Oddly, be in sympathy with sb/sth 8. Oddly, all the while that Butcher fought for her dogs’ lives, her thoughts were also in sympathy with the moose. Be in sympathy with sth/sb: 对某人 / 事表示支持或赞同 --I am sure that she will be in sympathy with your proposal. --I am totally in sympathy with those underpaid workers. Cf. have no/some sympathy with sb/sth 对某人 / 事表示不赞 同（赞同） Feel/have sympathy for/towards sb 同情某人 Feel/have sympathy for/towards sb 同情某人  Sympathetic, sympathize

9. Must/may 表示推测, perceive, instinct, too…to 9. She must be starving to death…She may have perceived the dog team to be a pack of wolves. Her instincts may have told her that she was too weak to escape by running. 1) must/may 表示推测 2) Perceive: become aware of sb/sth, notice, observe, view --I perceived a change in his behavior. --We had already perceived how the temperature fluctuated. --I perceived his remark as kind of encouragement.  Perceivable, perceptible, perceptive, perception  Perceivable, perceptible, perceptive, perception 3) A pack of wolves, a flock of birds/cattle, a swarm of bees, a herd of cows

10. Long before 10. “Moose!” she yelled long before her fellow musher got close enough to be in danger. --Long before the beast could approach us, we had already had our guns packed. --We’ve already realized what’s going to happen long before he realizes. Cf. before long =soon --They arrived at home before long.

11. Risk one’s life 11. On another occasion, Butcher risked her life when she decided to mush across 40 miles of sea ice. risk one’s life, risk one’s neck risk one’s life, risk one’s neck 12. Suddenly, she could feel the roller-coaster sensation of ice moving beneath her feet. roller-coaster sensation roller-coaster sensation

12. Obedient, billow, fall apart, so … that 13. He obediently turned left toward shore, but the ice billowed upward, then fell apart as it dropped back down—dumping dogs, sled, and Butcher into 30 feet of water so cold it can be survived for only minutes. 1) Billow 2) Fall apart 3) Survive

13. With ease, water-resistant, soak to the skin 14. The dogs could survive the minus 15 。 F (minus 26 。 C) with ease. Their coats were water-resistant. Butcher was, however, soaked to the skin. 1) With ease 2) Water-resistant/water-proof 3) Be soaked to the skin: be wet to the skin Soak: --The rain has soaked through his coat. --Clean up the wine before it soaks into the carpet. --Don’t stand there and you will be soaked through. --Sponge is a good material to soak up water. --She is totally soaked in the sunshine.

14. Odds/odd 15. Odds: probability or chance; inequality --The odds are in your favor because you have more experience. (You are likely to succeed.) --The odds are against him. --That’s a victory against heavy odds. ( 那是一个以弱胜强的胜 利。 ) --The horse was running at odds of ten to one. ( 那匹马参赛赔率 是十比一。 )

15. Against the odds, be at odds with sb/over sth, odd  Against (all) the odds: despite strong opposition or disadvantages --Against all the odds finally she realized her dream of becoming a paleontologist.  Be at odds with sb/over sth: be disagreeing or quarrelling --They’re constantly at odds with each other. Cf. odd --What an odd man! (Strange, weird) --1, 3, 5 and 7 are odd numbers. (Not even numbers) --At school she always felt the odd one out.

16. Talk about a decision What made you decide to go into business for yourself? What made you decide to go into business for yourself? What made you decide to major in English? What made you decide to major in English? What made you decide to move to the city? What made you decide to move to the city? What made you decide to take up running? What made you decide to take up running? What made you decide to go abroad? What made you decide to go abroad?

17. Answers Well, I’d always heard that doing business is one way to realize one’s dream. Well, I’d always heard that doing business is one way to realize one’s dream. Well, I’d just taken an English course and then I’d found that I liked it. Well, I’d just taken an English course and then I’d found that I liked it. Well, I’d lived in a small town since I was a little boy. Well, I’d lived in a small town since I was a little boy. Well, I’d been sick for many years and thought running might have been good for my health. Well, I’d been sick for many years and thought running might have been good for my health. Well, I’d been thinking about it for many years. Well, I’d been thinking about it for many years.

18. The Past Perfect: had done/hadn’t done 1. 表示叙述者或主语在过去的某一时刻回顾更早的动作 。 --He met her in Paris in 1998. He had seen her ten years before. Her hair had been gray then; now it was white. --The flight had taken off when she arrived at the airport.

19. The Past Perfect: had done/hadn’t done 2. 表示在所说的过去某一时刻之前就已开始的动作，此动作或在该 时刻停止、或在所说时刻之前某一时候停止、或仍在继续。（同 现在完成时的意义） --The old tree, which had stood in the yard for 10 years, suddenly crashed to the ground last summer after a storm. --Mr. Thomas had served in the army for 10 years; then he retired and married last year. --Emily had lived in the cottage for 20 years since she was born, and still had no wish to move to a bigger house.

20. So…that, such…that—emphasize something --He was so shocked that he couldn't figure out how to react. --She is so lovely a little girl that her parents prefer her to all her other brothers. --She is such a lovely little girl that her parents prefer her to all her other brothers.

21. So…that, such…that --There is such shocking news that the workers couldn't help going on a strike. --He earned so much (money) from that business that he didn't have to work any more. --They did so many contributions to their country that no one would forget them.

22. Too…to, enough --She is too old to support herself. --John spoke too quickly for me to understand. --He is too shrewd a businessman to accept the first offer. --She is not strong enough to carry that sack. --He didn't run fast enough to catch the bus. --He got enough profit from that business to make a decent living.