1. What do you already know? STATIONS 11-20

2. What are three ways that heat can move from one substance to another?

3. Conduction – Transfer of energy by direct touch

4. Convection – Heat energy transfer in a fluid with the warmer rising, cooling and then falling.

5. Radiation – Transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic radiation. Objects do not need to touch for this to happen. This picture shows infrared electromagnetic radiation from the fire transferring to the hand.

6. Notes for your book.  1. Heat can move from one substance to another by  Conduction – example: ____________________________  Convection – example: _____________________________  Radiation – example: _______________________________ TURN TO YOUR NEIGHBOR AND DISCUSS AN EXAMPLE OF EACH FROM THE VIDEO AND/OR PICTURES WE JUST SAW.

7. Describe what happens to radiant energy once it enters the atmosphere. How does radiant energy cause weather?

8. When energy from the sun enters the atmosphere, some is absorbed by the ground or clouds and some is reflected back.

9. How does radiant energy cause weather?  After the ground absorbs the sun’s energy it heats the air above it and that air rises, cools and falls. This causes WIND.  When water absorbs the sun’s energy, the water evaporates and rises. It then cools (convection) and forms clouds. When the cloud is full of evaporated water, it rains.

10. What is the energy source that drives plate tectonics? Describe how this energy moves the plates. What happens when the plates move?

11. (see page 42 of your FSA notebook)

12. What happens when the plates move? When plates move together volcanoes, earthquakes and mountains form. When plates move part, earthquakes and volcanoes form. Plates moving together: convergent boundary Plates moving apart: divergent boundary Plate slide past each other: transform boundary

13. Notes for #13  Energy source that drives the plates: convection currents in the mantle  This energy moves the plates by causing them to either move apart or come together.  When the plates move apart  Volcanoes, earthquakes and rift valleys form and there is sea-floor spreading  When plates move together  Volcanoes, earthquakes and mountains form  When plates slide past each other:  Earthquakes happen

14. List and describe several physical properties of matter. Which of these properties could be used to identify a pure substance? Density Electrical conductivity Heat conductivity Malleability (ability to bend or be shaped) Boiling point Melting point Dissolvability (when something dissolves in water – water is the solvent) ALL can be used to identify a pure substance.

15. What are some similarities and differences in light and sound waves?

16. Waves

17. Waves - continued

19. Sound waves and ocean waves

20. Talk to your neighbor and be ready to share how they are different

21. Copy into your FCAT ScAT book

22. List and describe the function of as many cell organelles as you can.

23. Look in your FSA folder pg 5. OrganelleFunction Cell Wall Cell membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Chloroplast Mitochondrion Vacuole

24. Answers OrganelleFunction Cell wall Support for plant, bacterial and fungal cells Cell membraneEnzyme activity and regulates entry and exit of materials NucleusControls cell activities CytoplasmFluid that contains cell organelles Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis ( only in plants) MitochondrionEnergy production VacuoleStorage

25. What are some similarities and differences between sexual and asexual reproduction? (pg 18 FSA NB) Asexual reproduction involves only one parent Sexual reproduction involves two parents – male and female

27. Answer to #17

28. Difference between meiosis and mitosis - see page 18 in FSA folder  Mitosis – One cell divides into two identical cells. Most cells perform mitosis to replicate and replace themselves. Single-celled organisms like bacteria perform mitosis to reproduce asexually. Mitosis makes diploid cells = cells with a full set of DNA

29. Describe and compare several different methods for generating electricity.  Talk to your partner to discuss all the ways you know of to generate electricity.

30. Ways to generate electricity  Batteries  Solar panels  Wind mill  Nuclear  Hydro-electric (using dams to hold back water)  WHAT ELSE?

31. Think about the carbon cycle. How is carbon added to the atmosphere?

32. How is carbon removed from the atmosphere?

33. Carbon and the atmosphere  Added to the atmosphere: volcanoes, forest fires, decomposition of wastes, growing new plants and trees, burning fossil fuels.  Removing carbon from the atmosphere: Plants use it for photosynthesis

34. (Carbon cycle) How is carbon added to the atmosphere? How is energy transformed during the carbon cycle? Talk to your neighbor and be ready to tell one way that energy is transformed in this picture.

35. (Carbon cycle) How is carbon added to the atmosphere? How is energy transformed during the carbon cycle? Radiant energy (EM energy) is transformed through photosynthesis into glucose (chemical energy).

36. What is the difference between test variables (independent variables) and outcome variables (dependent variables)?  Talk to your neighbor and be ready to answer

37. What is the difference between test variables (independent variables) and outcome variables (dependent variables)?  Remember INDEPENDENT variable (Capital I – means “I, the scientist, change it.  Dependent variable is what you are measuring (it depends on what the scientist has changed).

38. How are control groups different from experimental groups?  Control groups are a group in which NOTHING IS CHANGED.  Example: During a drug test, some people are given the drug (the Independent variable) and some people are not given anything.  Experimental groups are the groups which have something changed.  In the above example, the experimental group is the group of people who are given the different types of medicine.