1. KEY CONCEPT Fungi are saprobes (decomposers)

2. Plants and Fungi have similar and dissimilar traits
Plants: photosynthesis; true roots, stems, and leaves; cell walls with cellulose
Plants and Fungi: non-moving, produce spores
Fungi: absorb food with hyphae; cell walls with chitin

3. Fungi are multicellular organisms, with the exception of yeasts.
hyphae
mycellium
fruiting body

4. Septate and Coenocytic hyphae

5. Sac Fungi (Ascomycota)
Examples
Yeasts are single-celled.
Morels and truffles are multicellular.
Form a reproductive sac, called an ascus.

6. Bread mold Zygomycota ("Conjugation Fungi")
Molds that are often found on spoiled food including: bread, cheese and meat.
Mycorrhizae belong to this group
Form zygospores during reproduction

7. Club fungi (Basidiomycota).
include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi
reproductive structures called basidia

8. Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota)
Group of fungi that produces asexually but sexual form is unknown
Examples: leaf spot fungus, Penicillium, Aspergillus

9. Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually.
Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Yeasts reproduce asexually through budding.
Yeasts form asci during sexual reproduction.

10. Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
distinctive reproductive structures
Basidiomycota have basidia
Zygomycota have zygospores
Ascomycota have asci

11. Alternation of Generations- part of reproductive cycle is asexual, part is sexual.

12. All fungi form spores and zygotes.

13. Fungi have + and – hyphae instead of male and female.

14. KEY CONCEPT Fungi recycle nutrients in the environment.

15. Fungi and bacteria are the main decomposers in any ecosystem.
decompose dead leaves, twigs, logs, and animals
return nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and minerals) to the soil
absorb food quickly and recycle nutrients quickly

16. Fungi as pathogens
A few fungi always cause disease
Some are normally harmless, but can grow out of control under right conditions
Yeast can overgrow
in presence of antibiotic

17. Human Diseases
Yeast infections from antibiotic use
Ringworm
Athlete’s foot

18. Plant Diseases Dutch elm disease Dutch elm disease Peach scab
Gray mold
Elm bark
beetle
Gray mold

19. Mutualistic Fungi
Symbiotic relationship with another organism
Both organisms benefit

20. Fungi and algae Lichens Fungi protect the algae
Algae performs photosynthesis

21. → Fungi and plant roots Mycorrhizae Fungi absorb nutrients and water
Plant provides glucose from photosynthesis
Cross
Section
of root →

22. Fungi and some insects form symbiotic relationships
Leaf cutter ants build piles of leaves and add fungus.
Fungus breaks down leaves and ants eat the mycelium!

23. Fungi are studied for many purposes.
Fungi are useful in several ways.
as food
as antibiotics
as model systems for molecular biology (eukaryote cells)
Penicillum