1. Careers in Chemistry and Physics- Related Fields Developed by Mark Hartman, Emily Dunkel GK-12 Fellows: Harvard University & Cambridge Public Schools Sponsored by National Science Foundation

2. How much is a “good” salary?  City of Cambridge (2003)  HUD estimated median income for family of 4: $80,800 Apartment Size Typical Monthly Rent Minimum Household income required (assume 30% goes toward rent) 1 Bedroom $1400 $56, 000 2 Bedroom $1725 $69, 000 3 Bedroom $2300 $92, 000

3. How to think about salary  Some jobs are offered as a salary per year, others as wages by the hour.  Assuming a 40 hour week, a year is 2000 hours and the following rates of pay are equivalent: Yearly salary Hourly wage $10,300 $5.15 (minimum wage) $20,000$10.00 $30,000$15.00 $50,000$25.00 $80,000$40.00

4. Higher Degree = More Earnings

5.  Science/Engineering? –Salaries range from $30k – $100k/yr depending on education… –Training without 4 year college: Level of education Time commitment past high school Yearly tuition ($1k = $1000) What you get when you come out Level of science job you are prepared for High School ----Diploma Basic technician / Data entry Community college/Tech School 2 years $2k – $3k Associate in Science (A.S.) degree Technician / Data analyst Military service 2-3 years You GET paid Technical skills, GI bill to pay for college if you want Technician/ Data analyst

6. Level of education Time commitment Yearly tuition What you get when you come out Level of job you are prepared for College / University 4 years $5k – $15k (public) $20k – $35k (private) Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree Engineer, Programmer, Lab technologist, grad student Graduate School 2 years beyond University You GET paid OR Same as university above Master of Science (M.S.) degree Same as above, but with equivalent of 2-3 years experience Graduate School 5-6 years beyond University You GET paid $17k – $30k Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) Professor, senior engineer, senior scientist  Science/Engineering? –4 year college/university and beyond:

7. Overarching Science/Engineering Skills  Complex problem solving (analyzing): –Seeing a large problem as made of its essential parts.  Teamwork: –Almost no one works on their own in the real world!  Creativity (synthesizing): –Bringing together seemingly unrelated pieces of information and skills to accomplish a new task!

8. Chemistry  Chemical Technician (2 year degree) –Monitor production –Salary: $30k – $40k  Chemical Sales (only 60% have chemistry degree) –Connect labs with customers –Speak foreign languages –Salary: $24k – high $40k

9. Chemistry  Forensic Chemist (4 year degree) –Give evidence in court –Salary: high $30k – $60k  Oil and Petroleum chemist (graduate degree) –“Fingerprinting” oil from a spill –Develop new plastics –Salary: mid $40k – $60k (BS), mid $80k – $95k (doctoral)

10. Physics Bachelor’s Degree Holders Master’s Degree Holders Ph.D. Holders Salary Ranges

11. Physics  Telescope operator (4 year degree) –Perform the art of accurate observations  Video Game Designer (4 year degree) –Program realistic 3D motion  String Theorist (graduate degree) –Question the beginning of the universe/nature of reality –Probe smallest and largest scales of the universe

12. Engineering  “Scientists discover the world that exists; engineers create the world that never was.” –Theodore Von Karman (aerospace engineer)  Engineers turn scientific discoveries into useful products.  Engineering is the second largest profession in America (teaching is the first). –1,400,000 engineers –500,000 medical doctors –100,000 biologists

13. Engineering  Engineering jobs require varying levels of education.  Engineering Technician: –Work is more practical and less theoretical than that of an engineer –Associate Degree (2-year degree) –average salary: $28,000-$47,000 per year  Engineering: –BS College Degree (Bachelor of Science) –$42,000-75,000  Research and Development Engineer: – PhD degree (Doctor of Philosophy) –$75,000+

14. Mechanical / Aerospace Engineering  Mechanical and Aerospace Engineers design and develop machines  Mechanical Engineers: –air conditioning and refrigeration –automotives –robotics  Aerospace Engineers: –commercial airplanes –fighter jets –space telescopes

15. Chemical / Environmental Engineering  Chemical Engineers turn raw materials into products –pharmaceuticals –petroleum –plastics –make-up  Environmental Engineers prevent and fix environmental problems –reduce air pollution –reduce use of pesticides

16. Electrical / Computer Engineering  Electrical engineers move information from place to place –cellphones –satellite transmissions –television  Computer engineers deal with design and operation of computer systems –networks –software –hardware

17. Bio / Biomedical Engineering  A relatively new field of engineering  Bioengineers bring engineering into the fields of biology and medicine –medical instruments –artificial organs –prosthetic devices

18. Cross-Disciplinary: Government/Policy  Bioethics advisor (Ph.D) –Should we do cloning?  NSF grant administrator (B.S. – Ph.D.) –Help determine who’s science gets your tax money  Genetic counseling (B.S. – M.S.) –Explaining options to parents-to- be  Congressional science advisor / lobbyist (B.S.) –Nuclear waste, alternative energy

19. Media / Arts  Science Journalist (B.S.) –Convey difficult topics to the public  Playwright (B.S. or “Life experience”!) –“Copenhagen”: Best Play Tony Award 2000  Science museum staff / director (High School, B.S.) –Develop engaging programs/exhibits  Technology artist (High School, B.S.) –Andrea Polli: Atmospherics/Weather Works  Historian of science (B.S. – Ph.D.) –Letter from Einstein to Roosevelt

20. Business / Law  Wall Street Analyst (M.S. – Ph.D.) –Apply complex mathematical modeling –Predict behaviour of stock market  Intellectual property / Patent law (J.D.—law degree) –guarding rights to original ideas

21. Degree Statistics Only about 25% of the US population has a bachelor’s degree! (34% in Massachusetts) Although science jobs can be found at all levels, a B.S. degree gets you more opportunities and higher pay! Profession High School Diploma (or more) Some college (or more) Bachelor’s Degree (or more) All90.258.030.5 Professional/speci alty 99.293.476.7 Technician and support 98.878.530.4 Administrative support: secretaries/office workers 96.355.215.6 Source: US Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1999

22. If you forget everything else, remember this!  The skills you develop in science classes are VERY widely applicable and valuable.  Satisfying, well-paying jobs in science and engineering are available at ALL levels of education.  Attempting higher degrees opens many more doors for interesting jobs and higher pay. If you don’t do it, who will be the engineers and scientists in the future?