2. General Phylogeny

3. Domain Comparison

4. ArchaeaHalophiles Halophiles Halophiles

7. Bacterial Morphology

8. Coccus Diplococcus Streptococcus Staphylococcus

9. +-

10. A B C D H I J G F E

11.  DNA, ribosomes, and some cytoplasm encased  Bacterial defense against temperature, pH, chemicals, and aridity

12. F+ Genetic Recombination: Conjugation F+ F- Pilus (Conjugation Bridge)

13. Host DNA Genetic Recombination: Transduction

14. Nutrition ChemoautotrophsChemoheterotrophs PhotoautotrophsPhotoheterotrophs

15. Cyanobacteria Photoautotrophic

16. When Bacteria Attack Exotoxins  Poisons released to weaken host  Clostridium botulinum  Clostridium tetani  Vibrio cholerae

17. When Bacteria Attack Endotoxins  Poisons located in outer membrane  Escherichia coli, Salmonella

18. Review Questions 1.Bacteria cannot grow in temperatures above 100 o C, so why is pressure cooking at 120 o C and 15-20psi necessary for sterilization? 2. Contrast chemoautotrophism and chemoheterotrophism. 3. Carbon fixation : mesophyll cells : nitrogen fixation :: _________ 4. Would you rather be infected by a Gram + or a Gram - bacterium?

19. Review Answers 1. Some Gram+ bacteria can form endospores and resist boiling. The combination of heat and high pressure can kill them, though. 2. Chemoautotrophism – Chemical energy source and CO 2 carbon source. Chemoheterotrophism – Chemical energy source and organic carbon source. 3. Carbon fixation : mesophyll cells : nitrogen fixation :: heterocysts 4. Gram+ because they are more likely to be susceptible to antibiotics, and Gram- can contain endotoxins. OR Gram- because some Gram+ can form endospores.