1. CHAPTER 8
SECTION 2
WOMEN MAKE PROGRESS

2. EARLY 1900S MANY
WOMEN WANTED TO
EXPAND THEIR ROLE IN
SOCIETY
WOMEN ACTIVISTS
HELPED BRING ABOUT
PROGRESSIVE
REFORMS AND WON
THE RIGHT TO VOTE

3. EDUCATION HELPED
WOMEN ACHIEVE THEIR
GOALS
– COLLEGES FOR WOMEN
LIKE BRYN MAWR COLLEGE
AND THE SCHOOL OF
SOCIAL WORK TRAINED
WOMEN TO LEAD NEW
ORGANIZATIONS WORKING
FOR SOCIAL REFORM

4. BECAUSE OF
EDUCATION AND
MODERN IDEAS MANY
MIDDLE CLASS WHITE
WOMEN BEGAN TO
TACKLE PROBLEMS
THEY SAW IN
SOCIETY

5. WORKING WOMEN MOST WOMEN WORKED DIFFICULT JOBS WITH LONG
HOURS AND DANGEROUS
CONDITIONS AND WERE
EXPECTED TO TURN OVER
THEIR EARNINGS TO THE
MAN IN HER LIFE
MANY WOMEN WORKED IN
FACTORIES OR AS
LAUNDRESSES OR SERVANTS
– MOST WERE IMMIGRANTS,
AFRICAN AMERICANS OR
FROM RURAL AREAS WITH
LITTLE EDUCATION

6. BECAUSE THEY HAD
LITTLE EDUCATION
MANY EMPLOYERS
WERE ABLE TO CHEAT
THEM OR BULLY THEM
WITHOUT THE RIGHT
TO VOTE WOMEN HAD
LITTLE INFLUENCE ON
POLITICIANS THAT
COULD HELP EXPAND
THEIR RIGHTS

7. REFORMERS WORKING FOR WOMEN’S RIGHTS
REFORMERS WANTED TO LIMIT
THE NUMBER OF HOURS
WOMEN WORKED
MULLER V. OREGON
– SUPREME COURT CASE
REVIEWED AN OREGON LAW
THAT LIMITED WOMEN’S WORK
DAY TO TEN HOURS
– ARGUED BY LOUIS BRANDEIS
– HE BELIEVED LONG WORKING
HOURS WAS HARMFUL TO
WOMEN AND THEIR FAMILIES
– THE SUPREME COURT AGREED

8. NUMBER OF HOURS WOMEN WORKED – SIMILAR LAWS WERE NOT ALLOWED FOR MEN
LAWS COULD LIMIT THE
NUMBER OF HOURS
WOMEN WORKED
– SIMILAR LAWS WERE
NOT ALLOWED FOR
MEN
– PROGRESSIVES
THOUGHT THIS WAS
GREAT FOR WOMEN
– OTHER SIDE OF THIS
WAS IT WAS USED TO
JUSTIFY PAYING
WOMEN LESS THAN

9. FLORENCE KELLY BELIEVED WOMEN WERE HURT BY THE UNFAIR
PRICES OF GOODS THEY
HAD TO BUY TO RUN THEIR
HOMES

10. 1899 – SHE HELPED FOUND THE NATIONAL CONSUMER LEAGUE (NCL) WHICH:
GAVE SPECIAL LABELS TO GOODS PRODUCED UNDER FAIR, SAFE AND HEALTHY WORKING CONDITIONS AND URGED WOMEN TO BUY THEM AND AVOID PRODUCTS THAT DID NOT HAVE THIS LABEL
BACKED LAWS CALLING FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO INSPECT MEATPACKING PLANTS
BACKED LAWS TO MAKE WORKPLACES SAFER
BACKED LAWS TO MAKE PAYMENTS TO THE UNEMPLOYED

11. KELLY ALSO HELPED TO FORM THE
WOMEN’S TRADE UNION LEAGUE
(WTUL) TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS
FOR FEMALE FACTORY WORKERS
– LEADERS WERE BOTH UPPER
CLASS AND WORKING CLASS
THE WTUL:
PUSHED FOR FEDERAL LAWS
THAT SET A MINIMUM WAGE AND
EIGHT HOUR WORK DAY
CREATED THE FIRST WORKERS’
STRIKE FUND THAT WAS USED TO
HELP SUPPORT FAMILIES WHO
REFUSED TO WORK IN UNSAFE OR
UFAIR CONDITIONS

12. CHANGES IN FAMILY LIFE PROGRESSIVES WANTED TO IMPROVE FAMILY LIFE
– PUSHED FOR LAWS
THAT COULD HELP
MOTHERS KEEP
FAMILIES HEALTHY
AND SAFE

13. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
– WAS LED BY THE WOMEN’S
TEMPERANCE CHRISTIAN
MOVEMENT
– PROMOTED THE PRACTICE OF
NEVER DRINKING ALCOHOL
– MEMBERS FELT IT LED MEN TO
SPEND THEIR MONEY ON
LIQUOR WHICH LED TO THE
NEGLECT AND ABUSE OF
THEIR FAMILIES

14. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
LED TO THE PASSAGE OF
THE 18TH AMENDMENT
WHICH OUTLAWED THE
PRODUCTION AND SALE
OF ALCOHOL

15. MARGARET SANGER THOUGHT THAT FAMILY LIFE AND WOMEN’S
HEALTH WOULD IMPROVE
IF MOTHERS HAD FEWER
CHILDREN

16. MARGARET SANGER OPENED THE NATION’S FIRST BIRTH CONTROL CLINIC
– WAS ARRESTED SEVERAL
TIMES AND CONSIDERED A
PUBLIC NUISANCE

17. MARGARET SANGER 1921 SHE FOUNDED THE AMERICAN BIRTH CONTROL LEAGUE TO
MAKE THIS INFORMATIN
AVAILABLE TO MORE
WOMEN

18. IDA WELLS
HELPED FORM THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN (NACW) WHICH:
HELPED FAMILIES STRIVE FOR SUCCESS
AND TO ASSIST THOSE WHO WERE LESS FORTUNATE
SET UP DAY-CARE CENTERS TO PROTECT
AND EDUCATE BLACK CHILDREN WHILE THEIR PARENTS WORKED

19. RIGHT TO VOTE BIGGEST GOAL OF PROGRESSIVE WOMEN WAS
FOR SUFFRAGE – THE RIGHT TO VOTE
– THEY BELIEVED IT WAS THE ONLY WAY TO
MAKE SURE THE GOVERNMENT WOULD:
1. PROTECT CHILDREN
2. FOSTER EDUCATION
3. SUPPORT FAMILY LIFE

20. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT URGED WOMEN TO JOIN THE NATIONAL AMERICAN
WOMAM SUFFRAGE
ASSOCIATION (NAWSA)
– IN WHICH SHE WAS THE
PRESIDENT

21. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT INTRODUCED A SOCIETY PLAN TO RECRUIT
WEALTHY, WILL EDUCATED
WOMEN AND THOSE FROM
ALL LEVELS OF SOCIETY
INCLUDING AFRICAN
AMERICANS, MEXICAN
AMERICANS AND JEWISH
IMMIGRANTS
– CALLED SUFFRAGETTES
– TO PROMOTE SUFFRAGE
IN THEIR AREAS

22. SOME WOMEN WORKED AGAINST SUFFRAGE:
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OPPOSED TO WOMAN SUFFRAGE
(NAOWS)
– BELIEVED THE EFFORT TO WIN THE VOTE WOULD TAKE
WOMEN’S ATTENTION AWAY FROM FAMILY AND
VOLUNTEER WORK THAT WOULD BENEFIT SOCIETY

23. ALICE PAUL BELIEVED DRASTIC STEPS WERE NEEDED TO WIN THE VOTE
- ORGANIZED WOMEN
TO RECUIT OTHERS
ACROSS THE NATION

24. ALICE PAUL FORMED THE NATIONAL WOMAN’S PARTY (NWP) WHICH:
1. USED PUBLIC PROTEST MARCHES
2. BECAME THE FIRST GROUP TO MARCH WITH PICKET
SIGNS OUTHISE THE WHITE HOUSE
HUNDREDS WERE ARRESTED AND SOME WENT ON
HUNGER STRIKES UNTIL THEY WERE GIVEN THE RIGHT
TO VOTE (PAGE 225)
THE NWP ANGERED MANY PEOPLE INCLUDING OTHER
SUFFRAGE GROUPS
– THEY HELPED WITH THE RIGHT TO VOTE BECAUSE
THEY MADE OTHER SUFFRAGE GROUPS LOOK GOOD
IN COMPARISON
– THE NWP WAS MORE RADICAL THAN OTHER GROUPS

25. NINETEENTH AMENDMENT 1917 – CARRI CATT AND FLORENCE KELLEY
LED THE NAWSA TO
SUPPORT THE WAR
EFFORT
– ALONG WITH THE NWP
THEIR EFFORTS LED
TO LEGISLATORS TO
SUPPORT THE AN
AMENDMENT FOR
WOMEN SUFFRAGE

26. NINETEENTH AMENDMENT JUNE 1919 – CONGRESS APPROVED THE NINETEENTH
– WHICH STATED THAT
THE RIGHT TO VOTE
“SHALL NOT BE DENIED
OR ABRIDGED ON
ACCOUNT OF SEX”

27. NINETEENTH AMENDMENT AUGUST 18, 1920
THE TENNESSEE STATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PASSED THE AMENDMENT BY ONE VOTE
– MAKING THE AMENDMENT OFFICIAL

28. NINETEENTH AMENDMENT ALICE PAUL AND CARRIE CATT
BOTH CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
RATIFICATION OF THE AMENDMENT
BOTH GROUPS WERE RESPONSIBLE
FOR THE RATIFICATION

29. NINETEENTH AMENDMENT NOVEMBER 2, 1920 MILLIONS OF AMERICAN
WOMEN VOTED FOR THE FIRST
TIME IN A U.S. PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION