2. Whose Solution is Best? Click on whose ideological ideas you think would best end the issues which plagued society during the Industrial Revolution. 1. Jeremy Bentham 2. Metternich 3. John Stuart Mill 4. Adam Smith 5. Thomas Malthus 6. Marx and Engels 10

3. Whose Solution is Not? Click on whose ideology you think would be the least effective solution to the Industrial Revolution. 1. Jeremy Bentham 2. Metternich 3. John Stuart Mill 4. Adam Smith 5. Thomas Malthus 6. Marx and Engels 10

4. The Reform Act 1832  Gave more people the right to vote, essentially empowering the Middle Class  Had to own property equivalent to 10 pounds, which was a lot of money back then.

5. a large crowd protested against the decision of the House of Lords to defeat the Reform Act by burning down 100 houses, including the Bishop's Palace, the Custom House and the Mansion House. The mob looted and burnt unpopular citizens' houses and released prisoners from the gaols. The Dragoons attacked the crowd and hundreds were killed and severely wounded.House of Lords Reform Act

6. Factory Act of 1833  No child workers under nine years of age  Children of 9-13 years to work no more than nine hours a day  Two hours schooling each day for children  Four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law.

7. Extract from a Factory Inspectors report - British Parliamentary Papers (1836) No 353

8. Mines Act of 1842  Prohibited the employment of women and children under 10 in the mines  Appointed inspectors to enforce the law

9. The parish of Newton in Midlothian was one which experienced perhaps rather more than the average amount of inconvenience from the change. The minister of that parish, the Rev. J. Adamson, provided the following details:- “The number of females whom the Act affected may amount to about 180, of whom 61 were married. Their remaining at home, though it may diminish the income of, must be a great benefit to, the family in respect of comforts and the care of the children. Of the remaining 119, only 49 have obtained permanent employment, - 10 in factories, and the remainder as domestic servants. There are 70 who remain unemployed, except, when work is partially to be obtained with the farmer ; but being unacquainted with it, and there being a plentiful supply of labourers otherwise, not much work of this kind is to be obtained, and that only through the summer season. Of the 70 a certain proportion are young people from nine years and upwards, not yet fit for any other employment than that to which they had been put, of assisting their mothers or other relations in carrying the coals from the "hew," as it is called, to the pit bottom. The remainder consists of those who have not yet succeeded in obtaining service, and of others who, from their being advanced in years, never will be so engaged, and upon whom therefore the Act, as excluding them from the only labour for which they were fit, without any provision or compensation being made, falls with a peculiar severity; since, being still able to work, if work could be obtained, they are not entitled to parochial relief by the law of Scotland."

10. 1844 Factories Act  Minimum Age reduced from 9 to 8 years old  Maximum hours for children was 6 ½  Maximum hours for women was 12 hours and no night work.

11. Of course, only those children who were working for legitimate businesses were helped by this legislation—it still left thousands of children, often those who needed help the most, without any support. Report of Martha Appleton’s Accident in August of 1859

12. 1847 Factories Act  Women and children under the age of 18, cannot work more than 10 hours a day

13. Reports of Inspectors of Factories 1863 (No 3390)

14. 1901  Minimum Age for children raised from 8 to 12.

15. Photograph of workers in a factory 1903 (COPY 1/501)