1. ID Region nameNotes 1Sarawak, Sabah (Malaysia)Lowland areas 2East Kalimantan (Indonesia)Lowland areas 3 Central South Kalimantan (Indonesia) Lowland areas 4West Kalimantan (Indonesia)Lowland areas 5 Montane (Malaysia and Indonesia) Mountain area > 500 m 6 Coastal (Malaysia and Indonesia) < 30 percent landmass 1 6: coastal 4 5 2 3 Island of Borneo Global Land Cover 2000 Study Regionalisation

2. Burnt peat swamp forest (left) and unburnt forest (right). Post-fire regeneration of tropical trees is very slow and patchy due to seed loss, grass invasion, increased fire susceptibility and thin bark of trees. Total devastation after the forest fires of 1997-98 in East Kalimantan. Around 5.2 million hectares were burnt.

3. Sarawak & Sabah Coastal Central-South Kalimantan Montane West Kalimantan East Kalimantan El Niño years: 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2006

4. ‘Whole of Island’ Relationship between Area Burnt and Prior Rainfall PAB month i = exp B1 × rainfall_lag k, where k = 0 (present month’s rainfall), k=1 (average of current and previous month’s rainfall),…, and k=11 (average of last 12months rainfall, including current month’s rainfall). Highly negative B1 values indicate a strong negative correlation between fire and rainfall.

5. Spatial Distribution of Relationship between Area Burnt and Prior Rainfall Strong negative correlation between fire and rainfall Weak correlation between fire and rainfall

6. Landcover 1997 Landcover 2007 Mean Annual PAB % cover

7. Increasing PABIncreasing slope in PAB wrt RF Increasing slope in PAB wrt RF Increasing slope in PAB wrt RF