1. Matter
Study Guide
Section 3.1

2. Matter
Anything that has a mass and a volume

3. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
Close up view of atoms and their behavior
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4. Transitions Between the States of matter

5. Transitions between states of matter

6. Matter Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substances Solvent
Solution
Solvent
Colloids
Heterogeneous
Suspensions
Pure Substances
Element
Molecule
Compounds

7. Atoms Elements The building blocks of Matter
Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-),
and Neutrons (N).
Elements
Consists of only one kind of atom,
Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means
Can exist as either atoms or molecules (more than 1 atom bonded together)
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8. Molecules
A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together.
In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms
(N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .

9. Compounds Atoms of two or more different elements bound together.
Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically.
In the animation above, water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Animated images and notes from

10. Compounds contain more than one type of atom!
Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon atoms):
Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (1 atom of carbon and two atoms of
Oxygen)
Example of inorganicc compound (a compound without carbon atoms):
Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen)

11. - + IONS A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of
An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge!!
A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of
protons and electrons.
An ion does not have the same number of electrons and protons.
Examples of ions:
He A helium atom that is missing one electron.
The atom has one more proton than electron,
and must have a positive charge.

12. Organic

13. Mixtures
They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.
Can be separated physically.
Solutions are types mixtures.
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14. Types of Mixtures: Heterogonous:
The substances are not uniformly mixed.
Example: Sand in a glass of water.

15. Mixtures Suspensions Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts
that are visible to the naked eye.
Substances will settle over time.
Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

16. Types of Mixtures: Homogonous: Uniform Distribution.
Example: Sugar and Water
Solutions are homogonous mixtures made up of groups of molecules mixed in a completely even distribution
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17. Solute Solvent The substance to be dissolved.
The one doing the dissolving.
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18. Making a Solution

19. Colloids
Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions .
Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

20. Physical vs. Chemical Change
Changing from one state to another is a
Physical Change.
If a new substance is formed it is a
Chemical Change.
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21. Physical vs. Chemical Changes
Physical Clues
Chemical Clues
Change in size
Change in shape
Change in state
Easily reversed
A color change occurs
A new chemical is formed
It is difficult to reverse
Energy in the form of light or heat is given off
Bubbles of gas are formed. A new odor may be noticed.

22. Station Changes:
1. Marshmallow melt: melted was physical, burnt is chemical
2. Rip marshmallow: physical
3. Alka-seltzer: chemical
4. Baking soda and vinegar: chemical
5. Food coloring: physical
6. vinegar and milk: chemical
7. sugar cube: physical

23. Continued answers 8. rusty nail: chemical 9. burning candle: both
10. Toast burnt: chemical
11: Baking a cake: chemical
12: cutting paper: physical
13. stretching rubber band: physical
14. Melting ice/boiling water and evaporating water are all physical