1. malachite copper (II) carbonate (green) Summary of the malachite investigation and experiments on copper compounds

2. heat malachite clamp delivery tube Limewater (calcium hydroxide solution) Heating malachite and testing the gas produced copper (II) carbonate  copper (II) oxide + carbon dioxide (g) CuCO 3 (s)  CuO (s) + CO 2 (g) Decomposition - copper (II) carbonate broken down to simpler substances

3. malachite copper (II) carbonate (green) copper (II) oxide (black) Summary of the malachite investigation and experiments on copper compounds [heat] carbon dioxide

4. heat mixture of charcoal and solid left after heating malachite crucible + lid pipeclay triangle Reduction of ‘heated malachite’ powder with charcoal copper (II) oxide (s) + carbon (s, charcoal)  copper (s) + carbon dioxide (g) 2 CuO (s) + C (s, charcoal)  2 Cu (s) + CO 2 (g) Copper (II) oxide is reduced to copper (oxygen removed). Carbon is oxidised to carbon dioxide (oxygen gained).

5. malachite copper (II) carbonate (green) Copper (pink) copper (II) oxide (black) Summary of the malachite investigation and experiments on copper compounds [heat] carbon dioxide [charcoal, heat] carbon dioxide

6. methane Reduction of copper (II) oxide by methane (start) heat copper (II) oxide excess methane burnt copper (II) oxide (s) + methane (g)  copper (s) + carbon dioxide + water (g) 4 CuO (s) + CH 4 (g)  Cu (s) + CO 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O (g) Copper (II) oxide is reduced to copper. Methane is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water.

7. Reduction of copper (II) oxide by methane (end) methane copper excess methane burnt copper (II) oxide (s) + methane (g)  copper (s) + carbon dioxide + water (g) 4 CuO (s) + CH 4 (g)  Cu (s) + CO 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O (g) Copper (II) oxide is reduced to copper. Methane is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water.

8. malachite copper (II) carbonate (green) Copper (pink) copper (II) oxide (black) Summary of the malachite investigation and experiments on copper compounds [heat] carbon dioxide [charcoal, heat] [methane, heat] carbon dioxide + water vapour carbon dioxide

9. beaker glass rod dilute sulphuric acid copper (II) oxide Preparation of copper (II) sulphate heat sulphuric acid (aq) + copper (II) oxide (s)  copper (II) sulphate (aq) + water (l) H 2 SO 4 (aq) + CuO (s)  CuSO 4 (aq) + H 2 O (l)

10. filter funnel filter paper copper (II) oxide (s) and copper (II) sulphate (aq) mixture copper (II) sulphate solution (filtrate) evaporating dish

11. malachite copper (II) carbonate (green) Copper (pink) copper (II) oxide (black) copper (II) sulphate (blue) Summary of the malachite investigation and experiments on copper compounds [heat] carbon dioxide [dil. sulphuric acid] water [charcoal, heat] [methane, heat] carbon dioxide + water vapour carbon dioxide

12. beaker glass rod dilute sulphuric acid copper (II) carbonate Preparation of copper (II) sulphate heat sulphuric acid (aq) + copper (II) carbonate (s)  copper (II) sulphate (aq) + water (l) + carbon dioxide (g) H 2 SO 4 (aq) + CuCO 3 (s)  CuSO 4 (aq) + H 2 O (l) + CO 2 (g)

13. filter funnel filter paper copper (II) carbonate (s) and copper (II) sulphate (aq) mixture copper (II) sulphate solution (filtrate) evaporating dish

14. malachite copper (II) carbonate (green) Copper (pink) copper (II) oxide (black) copper (II) sulphate (blue) Summary of the malachite investigation and experiments on copper compounds [heat] carbon dioxide [dil. sulphuric acid] water [dil. sulphuric acid] [charcoal, heat] carbon dioxide, water [methane, heat] carbon dioxide + water vapour carbon dioxide

15. graphite cathode (-) graphite anode (+) electrodes Electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate solution copper (II) sulphate (aq) + water (l)  copper (s) + oxygen (g) + sulphuric acid (aq) CuSO 4 (aq) + H 2 O (l)  Cu (s) + O 2 (g) + H 2 SO 4 (aq) copper (II) sulphate (aq)

16. malachite copper (II) carbonate (green) Copper (pink) copper (II) oxide (black) copper (II) sulphate (blue) Summary of the malachite investigation and experiments on copper compounds [heat] carbon dioxide [dil. sulphuric acid] water [dil. sulphuric acid] [charcoal, heat] carbon dioxide, water [methane, heat] carbon dioxide + water vapour [electrolysis] sulphuric acid, oxygen carbon dioxide