1. TAKSONOMI TANAH

2. TAKSONOMI TANAH Tujuan Taksonomi Tanah:
1. Organize knowledge about soils
2. Understand relationships among different soils
3. Establish groups or classes for practical purposes.
a. Memprediksi perilaku tanah
b. Identifikasi penggunaan tanah yang sesuai
c. Estimasi produktivitas tanah
d. Menyebar-luaskan hasil-hasil penelitian
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

3. Soil Taxonomy: 12 Ordo Tanah
Soils are classified into into six categories based on diagnostic characteristics
The last (largest) category will place the soils into one of the 12 Soil Orders (Ordo Tanah).

4. Soil Taxonomy Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
(This is the name of a specific soil in Soil Taxonomy)
Orders (12)
Suborders (54)
Great Groups (211)
Subgroups (1,100+)
Family (7,000+)
Series (a lot!)
This is the name of one
Of the 12 large categories
Mollisol oll
Oder root of order

5. Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
Orders = Ordo
Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
Highest and most general of the soil classification system (similar to the phylum in plant taxonomy)
Based on conditions under which the soil developed
Order
oll = Mollisols

6. Suborders = Sub-Ordo
Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
Sub
Order
Grouped by similarities in soil formation such as wetter/dryer soil, colder/warmer soil, etc.
Ud = Udic Moisture

7. Based on differences between soil horizons
Great Groups
Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
Sub
Order
Order
Great
Group
Based on differences between soil horizons
Argi = Akumulasi Liat

8. Sub Groups (not required to know)
Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
Sub
Order
Sub
Group
Describes a profile characteristic, wetness, sand, tonguing of E, etc.
Order
Great
Group
Aquic = wet soil

9. Family (not required to know)
Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
Sub
Order
Sub
Group
Family
Texture, clay minerals, CEC, temp,
Order
Great
Group
Based on soil properties that affect management and root penetration, such as texture, temperature, and depth

10. Seri Tanah – this is where the soils of the week names are from – misalnya: Lester, Clarion, Nashwauk etc.
Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
Sub
Order
Sub
Group
Family
Order
Great
Group
Named from the town or landscape feature near where the soil was first recognized
(Lester = Lester Prairie, MN.
Other examples = Clarion, Nashwauk, Milaca, Port Byron, Zimmerman.)

11. Horizon Penciri - Used to place soils into one of the 12 Soil Orders
Permukaan (Epipedon)
Mollic
Umbric
Histic
Ochric
Bawah-permukaan
Argillic
Natric
Spodic
Oxic
Cambic
None

12. Soil Taxonomy- Diagnostic Surface Epipedons
Epipedon Molik: Lapisan permukaan yang tebal, gelap, lunak.
Characteristics
Thick - greater than 10 inches; High base saturation> 50%;
Tanah Mineral
Tanah-tanah terbentuk pada kondisi vegetasi prairie

13. Other Epipedons Umbric - like mollic, but low base saturation
Histic - Organic Soil - saturated with water, > -% organic matter
Ochric - thin, light colored - surface layers that do not fit any of the above
Base Saturation = relative
amount of bases (Ca, Mg, K)
in the soil,
Low %= few, high% = many

14. Pembandingan Epipedon
Okhrik
Histik
Molik
Umbrik
thinner
lighter
color
more
organic
matter
low base
saturation

15. Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons
Argillic - illuvial horizon of clay accumulation - Bt
Natric - same as argillic but with > 15% exchangeable sodium (Na) - Btn

16. Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons
Spodic - illuvial accumulation of oxides of Al and Fe (sesquioxides) and OM, red or dark red color - only found in acid sandy soils, with high rainfall- generally found below E horizon. Contains a Bhs or Bs horizon or Bhsm Oi E
Bhs Bs C

17. subsurface horizons (cont.)
Oxic - very weathered layer of only Fe and Al oxides and 1:1 clay minerals, low pH and not very fertile (found in tropical soils) Bo
Cambic - slightly altered layer - not weathered enough to be argillic, Bw horizon designation or development of color and or structure
NONE - no diagnostic subsurface horizon present

18. Comparison of Subsurface Diagnostic Horizons
Spodic
Cambic
less
developed
more Al
and Fe
Argillic
very
weathered
more sodium
Oxic
Natric

19. 12 Soil Orders - Each Order has a diagnostic epipedon and subsurface horizons – which could be “none”. WEB SITE for soil orders =
Entisol
Inceptisol
Andisols
Spodosols
Mollisols
Alfisols
Ultisols
Oxisols
Aridisols
Vertisols
Histosols
Gelisols

20. Entisol - ent
Recent soils - minimal development, little horizonation, young soils.
12.5% of world, Ochric + none
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

21. Entisol - Idaho A R
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

22. Vertisol - ert Mollic or Ochric + none
Inverted - soils with high clay content,
Large shrink swell potential
gradually invert on themselves,
2.1% of the world,
Mollic or Ochric +
none
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

23. Vertisol = Bss at slickenslide
soil cracks
Slickenslide
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

24. Inceptisol - ept
Inception - soil shows the beginning of horizon development, little or no illuviation,
15.8% of world, Ochric or Umbric + cambic.
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

25. Inceptisol Soil Formed in colluvial material in mountains of Idaho.
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

26. Aridisols - id
Arid regions of the world (19%), < 10 in of rainfall, usually contain carbonates,
Ochric + cambic or argillic or other diagnostic feature. A Bw Bk C
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

27. Aridisol in Idaho A Bt Bk Bkqm R
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

28. Az Bz C1 C2 Aridisol - Nevada
NaCl Salt accumulates on the surface and in the subsurface. Az Bz C1 C2
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

29. Mollisols - oll soils with thick, dark, soft surface
mollic + cambic, natric, argillic or none
base saturation
soils of the prairie
9% of the world
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

30. Mollisol
This mollisol formed in a new parent material (loess) that buried the original soil -the Btb (b = buried).
Mollisol from Kansas that is developed in Limestone bedrock. A1 A2 Bw BC R
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2014

31. Spodosols- od
acid sandy soils with thick E and red Bhs ochric and spodic -
5.4 % of the world infertile soils. Oi E
Bhs Bs C
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

32. Alfisol -- alf
fertile forested soils with ochric and argillic - high base saturation (> 35%) forested soils
7% of the world.
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

33. Ultisols - ult
soils more weathered than Alfisols - ochric and argillic - low base saturation < 35% - redder and more acid than Alfisols
8.5% of the world - less fertile than Alfisols A E
Bt1
Bt2 BC
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

34. Alfisol & Ultisol
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

35. Histosols - ist Tanah-tanah Gambut - organic material - histic
0.8% of the world
Epipedon Histik.
Oe1
Oe2
Oe3
Oe4 Oa 2C
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013
Photo USDA

36. Andisols - and
soils from volcanic ash very light - low bulk density –
1% or the world A Bw
2BC 2C A Bw Ab
Bwb
Ab’
Andisol from Idaho
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

37. Oxisols - ox
Soils with Oxic horizon - very weathered - soils of the tropics. low pH - acid soils - high in 1:1 clay minerals
9.2% of world
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

38. Oxisol
Ap1
Ap2
Bo1
Bo2
Bo3
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

39. Gelisol - el
New Order as of soils with permafrost (formerly Cryochrepts - or frozen Inceptisols)
Horison Cf
Diunduh dari: …. 9/2/2013

40. Soil Suborders of Minnesota
Mollisol - Udoll - Boroll - Aquoll - Ustoll
Alfisol - Udalf - Boralf - Aqualf
Dropped in 1998
Entisol - Orthent - Psamment – Aquent - Fluvent
Inceptisol - Udept - Aquept
Spodosol - Orthod
Vertisol - Aquert
Histosol - Fibrist - Hemist - Saprist

41. Suborder definitions
Ud - Udic moisture = moist -southern Mn type climate & Us = Ustic = Dry
Bor - Boreas = northern Mn. Climate (Frigid Temperature regime)
Aqu - Aquic moisture = saturated soil - high water table - Gleyed conditions
Orth - true or simple - regular Entisols & Spodosols
Psamm - sand - sandy Entisols
Fluv - floodplain –irregular Organic matter

42. Udoll - Ustoll - Aquoll
Ustoll

43. Udalf - Boralf - Aqualf

44. Orthent - Psamment – Aquent - FluventBw C
Not Cambic due to being too sandy

45. FLUVENT Fluvent – Soils of the floodplains.
Lots of layers that are deposited when the river floods

46. Orthod
Minnesota Orthod
Wisconsin Orthod A E
Bhs Bs C

47. Udept - Aquept
EUTRUDEPTS

48. Aquert

49. Fibrist - Hemist - Saprist