1. Fermilab Experience Joshua Louis

2. Introduction  The goals of Fermilab's TRAC program:  To provide outstanding science, mathematics, computer science, and technology teachers with professional scientific, engineering, or technical experiences through summer research opportunities.  Increased awareness and understanding of cutting-edge science and technology obtained by the teacher can be transferred back to the classroom. http://ed.fnal.gov/interns/programs/trac/

3. My Assignment  Particle Physics Division  Neutrino Department

4. Liquid Argon R&D  What is being developed?  Liquid Argon Purity Demonstrator (LAPD)  Liquid Argon purity must be demonstrated before neutrino research begins

5. Liquid Argon Purity Demonstrator  Goals of LAPD  The primary goal of the LAPD is to test if required electron drift-lifetimes for a Time Projection Camber (TPC) can be achieved without evacuation in an empty vessel  An additional goal of LAPD is to understand how to scale the cryogenics system to a multi-kiloton detector.

6. Liquid Argon Purity Demonstrator  Achieving Purity allows electrons to drift!  Purity is defined as:  30 ppt equivalent oxygen contamination  Why do we need this degree of purity?  Other molecules such as 0 2 & H 2 O interfere with drift  Without purity no neutrinos can be detected

7. Liquid Argon Purity Demonstrator  If the correct level of purity exists this is what you should see:  The observed tracks are a result of neutrinos indirect interactions with liquid argon electrons  Length, spin, & intensity all guide scientists to different particles

8. LAr TPC Operation 8Nov. 1, 2010 Need extremely good LAr purity, low convective flow

9. My Contributions  Three Primary Roles  Cryogenic Temperature Expansion Testing  Trigger Counter Characterization  Cryogenic Temperature Resistor Testing  Secondary Role  Student of all things Fermilab

10. Cryogenic Temperature Expansion (CTE)  Identify an Epoxy which could withstand liquid nitrogen/argon temperatures and not be compromised  Early testing revealed cracks in the epoxy which held copper wire to various components

11. Cryogenic Temperature Expansion (CTE)  This work included:  Wrapping the g-10 board in wire

12. Cryogenic Temperature Expansion (CTE)  This work included:  Wrapping the g-10 board in wire  Mixing and applying several different epoxies to the g-10 board

13. Cryogenic Temperature Expansion (CTE)  This work included:  Wrapping the g-10 board in wire  Mixing and applying several different epoxies to the g-10 board  Testing the thermal expansion of epoxy samples

14. Cryogenic Temperature Expansion (CTE)  Results  Stycast 2850 closely aligns with thermal expansion of G-10  Additional cryogenic epoxies have been recommend for further study 3M 2216 - Grey3M 2216 - AmberStycast 2850G10 Length (mm)108.01108.20112.93102.55 Thermal Expansion (mm)1.0881.562.464.329 Calculated Expansion (∆L/L) 4.56e-56.53 e-51.86 e-51.45e-5

15. Trigger Counter Characterization  Get rid of any light leaks which lead to interference with main signal, catalog characteristics, and label counters  This requires a great deal of electrical tape and patience  Each counter takes at least 3 hours to produce a complete signal

16. Trigger Counter Characterization  Learning the complexities of the oscilloscope  18 trigger counters were processed

17. Trigger Counter Characterization  What are trigger counters used for?  In order to trigger scan and provide the third dimension (time) Beam

18. Cryogenic Resistor Testing  Measure the change in resistance when introduced into a cryogenic environment  240 Resistors where soldered onto a semi-conductive platform

19. Cryogenic Resistor Testing  Each resistor was measured to ensure acceptable changes in resistance and component resilience  Wire harnesses were created in order to provide a reasonable testing format

20. Cryogenic Resistor Testing  Preliminary Results ResistorRoom TemperatureLiquid Nitrogen - Trail 1Room Temperature2Liquid Nitrogen - Trail 2Room Temperature3 1101.4107.69101.34107.68100.36 2100.29106.7299.37105.6899.49 3102.5108.51101.68107.48101.56 498.13105.6297.24103.5997.22 5101.5107.82100.43106.8100.4 699.16105.4298.85104.9798.28 7100.3106.499.39105.47101.67 898.8104.7597.88103.8197.83 9101.85107.89100.86106.91100.79 10103.23109.48102.61108.51102.22 11103.43109.84102.43108.84102.42 1298.33104.0597.44103.2797.43 1398.4104.9197.57103.4597.53 1499.62105.5998.65104.7498.63 15103.12109.24102.16108.29102.41 1698.53104.6197.66103.8197.64 Avg.100.54106.7899.72105.8399.74 Standard Deviation1.911.891.931.971.96 Min98.13104.0597.24103.2797.22 Max103.43109.84102.61108.84102.42 * Measured in GOHM15 min soak1 hour warm-up30 min soak30 min warm up

21. Cryogenic Resistor Testing

22. Program Take Away  I can share with my students the excitement that comes from scientific research  I will strive to model curriculum in a way that accurately reflects the process of scientific innovation as observed at Fermilab  I am now familiar with cutting-edge technologies and scientific endeavors  I have made connections within my community that will allow my students to see what pursuing a career in science and technology could look like  I have been affirmed in my calling to be a professional educator

23. Thank You  Harry Cheung & Bjoern Penning – Program Coordinators  Stephen Pordes & Hans Jostlein – Immediate Supervisors  The amazing technicians, engineers, and physicists at PAB  The staff at lab 6

24. And to the Jefferson community for supporting me on my journey

25. Neutrino?

26.  Neutrino Video  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLowijGc8Mg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLowijGc8Mg