1. IRAs: Traditional vs. Roth November 29, 2007 Michael Ruff Danielle Nick

2. Outline Intro Eligibility Income Limits Contribution Limits Tax Treatments Withdrawal Guidelines Required Distributions Rollover Conclusion

3. IRA Background Established 1975 as part of Employment Retirement Income Act of 1974.  Originally restricted to non-pension employees  1982 participation extended to all workers  Structured around tax deductions (i.e. Traditional IRA)  Has made few changes since (i.e. Traditional IRA)

4. IRA Background Continued Roth IRA established 1998  Chief Sponsor: Senator William V. Roth Jr.  Tax contributions not tax deductible  Has tax-free growth

5. Eligibility Traditional  Virtually all inclusive for those with earned income ■No income Restrictions ■Age Limit for contributions 70.5 years Roth  More restrictive ■No age restriction ■Income Restriction 2007: Contribution Limit Single Tax Payer Married Tax Payer Full Contribution 0 - 95,0000 - 149,999 Partial Contribution 95,000 - 109,999 150,000 – 159,999 No Contribution 110,000 - Above 160,000 – Above

6. Contribution limit Roth and Traditional IRAs’ max contributions are identical.  Limited to the lesser of: 100% of MAGI or $4,000  Catch up provision: Must be above 50 Limited to $1000

7. Contribution deductibility for Traditional IRAs Participants involved in employer-sponsored retirement plans have limited deductibility  Deductibility depends on MAGI and marital filing status  If you (and your spouse) are not covered, you get the full deduction. Otherwise: Single Taxpayer Married Filed Jointly You are covered You aren’t covered but your spouse is Fully Deductible 0- $52,0000 - $83,0000 - $156,000 Partially Deductible $52,000-$59,999$83,000-$84,999$156,000-$159,999 Not Deductible $62,000 and over$85,000 and over$166,000 and over

8. Tax Treatments Traditional  Tax deduction  Pre-tax income contributed  Earnings grow tax- deferred Roth  No tax deduction  After-tax income contribution  Earnings grow tax- free

9. Tax Treatments Professor Sinow made $90,000 in 2007 He has 2 choices: Roth  $4000 contribution  His taxable income for 2007 is $90,000  Upon withdrawal, no taxes due Traditional  $4000 contribution  His taxable income for 2007 is $86,000  Upon withdrawal, taxes due on principal and earnings

10. Withdrawal Guidelines: Similarities Both share these similarities:  Minimum age: 59.5  Withdrawal before 59.5 = 10% tax penalty Penalty is in addition to any taxes owed upon regular withdrawal  Certain exceptions for early withdrawals First time home-buyer Qualified education expenses Hardship expenses

11. Withdrawal Guidelines: Exceptions If first-time homebuyer,  No 10% penalty for early withdrawal $10,000 for individuals $20,000 for married couples  Must use funds within 120 days  Qualified expenses include: Buying, building, re-building costs Settlement, financing, and closing costs

12. Withdrawal Guidelines: Exceptions If you have qualified higher education costs,  No penalty for early withdrawal  No $ limitations  Qualified expenses: Used by individual, his/her spouse, child, or grandchild Used at IRS-approved college, university, vocational, or post-secondary facility Used for tuition, fees, books, or supplies  If enrolled at least half time, room and board, too

13. Withdrawal Guidelines: Exceptions If you have qualified hardship expenses,  No penalty for early withdrawal  Qualified expenses: Un-reimbursed medical expenses  “prolonged and expensive costs”  must exceed 7.5% of Adj. Gross Income (AGI) Medical insurance premiums  Must be unemployed for 12 months

14. Withdrawal Guidelines: Special Roth Treatment One catch for Roth IRAs Must have held the account for at least 5 years  If so: not subject to taxes  If not: must pay taxes on the withdrawn accumulated earnings Still no 10% penalty Applies to the early withdrawal exceptions already mentioned

15. Required Distribution Differences Traditional  Required Distributions start at age 70.5  Can delay 1 st payment until April 1 of the next year But, essentially make 2 distributions in one year  IRS provides minimum distribution tables based on: Age Expected distribution period Roth  NONE!  If you want, you don’t ever have to make distributions  Because gov’t doesn’t collect taxes on distributions, it doesn’t care when you take the money out

16. Minimum Required Distribution Table for Traditional IRA Required minimum IRA distributions To calculate the year's minimum distribution amount, take the age of the retiree and find the corresponding distribution period (in years). Then divide the value of the IRA by the distribution period to find the required minimum distribution. Age of retiree Distribution period Age of retiree Distribution period Age of retiree Distribution period 7027.48614.11025.5 7126.58713.41035.2 7225.68812.71044.9 7324.789121054.5 7423.89011.41064.2 7522.99110.81073.9 76229210.21083.7 7721.2939.61093.4 7820.3949.11103.1 7919.5958.61112.9 8018.7968.11122.6 8117.9977.61132.4 8217.1987.11142.1 8316.3996.7115 or older1.9 8415.51006.3 8514.81015.9 Source: Bankrate.com

17. Minimum Required Distribution for Traditional IRA Example:  Professor Sinow turns 70.5 on Jan. 1, 2008  He has $100,000 in a Traditional IRA He has a MRD:  In the amount of $3,650  For the 2008 tax year OR He has a MRD:  In the amount of $3,650 between 1/1/09 & 4/1/09  In the amount of $3,636  Both withdrawals are part of the 2009 tax year

18. Minimum Required Distribution for Traditional IRA If investor does not take the MRD…penalty Penalty equal to 50% of the difference between MRD and actual distribution Example:  Professor Sinow’s MRD is equal to $5,000 for the year  If he only takes a $2,000 distribution He has a penalty of $1,500 taken from IRA’s subsequent balance.

19. Rollover Traditional into Roth Traditional IRA holders can convert to Roth Single & married taxpayers:  Must have AGI of less than $100,000 to qualify for the rollover AGI limit is for conversion year Conversion years are not related Pay taxes on the principal and interest rolled over into the Roth account Rollover amount is unlimited

20. Conclusion Which is better? It depends!  Age (how long account will grow)  Tax rates Rate when you contribute Rate when you withdraw  Positives and negatives with both Determine which is best for you? http://www.finance.cch.com/sohoApplets/RothvsRegular.asp

21. Questions?