1. Intro To Cell Division

2. What else do cells do? Repair Growth Reproduction Asexual Sexual

3. Repair Cells are constantly repairing themselves If a cell can’t be repaired new ones are produced to fill the void

4. Growth Cells are also what create our size As we grow our cells are constantly reproducing If the reproduction rate is faster than normal we grow

5. Reproduction Asexual Done by somatic or body cells Creates identical daughter cells Sexual Done by sex cells Creates genetically different daughter cells

6. Chromatin: a mass of DNA found in the nucleus (uncompacted)

7. Chromosome: a compacted piece of chromatin that is used for cell division Sister Chromatids: A pair of identical Chromosomes Centromere: The center section where the sister chromatids are connected Sister chromatids Centromere TEM 36,600 

8. LE 8-4 Sister chromatids Centromere TEM 36,600  Sister chromatids Chromosome distribution to daughter cells Chromosome duplication

9. Centromere Sister chromatids Draw this

10. How do cells divide? Cell Cycle: an orderly sequence of events where cells divide The cell cycle consists of two major phases Interphase (90% of the time) Mitotic Phase (10% of the time)

11. LE 8-5 I NTERPHASE G1G1 G2G2 S (DNA synthesis) Cytokinesis Mitosis M ITOTIC PHASE (M)

12. Interphase Phase where all metabolic processes and functions happen Ex: Cellular respiration Protein creation Movement Growth Other desired function

13. Interphase Interphase is also when the cell prepares for cell division Ex: Increases proteins Duplicates organelles Grows in size Duplication of DNA

14. Mitotic Phase The division phase of the cell There are two main parts of M-phase Mitosis Cytokinesis

15. Mitotic phase Mitosis The division of a cells nucleus and DNA into two equal parts Creates two daughter nuclei Cytokinesis The division of the cells cytoplasm Together they create two identical daughter cells

16. Mitosis Interphase: DNA is duplicated Prophase: Sister chromatids are formed Formation of spindle Nuclear envelope breaks down Metaphase: Sister chromatids line up Spindle is formed and attaching to chromosomes

17. LE 8-6a I NTERPHASE P ROPHASE P ROMETAPHASE Kinetochore Fragments of nuclear envelope Centrosome Early mitotic spindle Chromatin Centrosomes (with centriole pairs) LM 250  Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Plasma membrane Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Centromere Spindle microtubules

18. Mitosis Anaphase: Separation of sister chromatids Spindle pulls chromosomes to either side of the cell Telophase: Spindle breaks down Nuclear envelopes form (2) Chromosomes loosen to become chromatin Cytokinesis: Cell pulls apart to create two identical cells

19. LE 8-6b M ETAPHASE A NAPHASETELOPHASE AND C YTOKINESIS Metaphase plate Spindle Daughter chromosomes Nuclear envelope forming Cleavage furrow Nucleolus forming

21. Cytokinesis Animal Cells Formation begins with indentation Cell is pulled/ pinched until it breaks apart Plant Cells Formation begins with a disc containing cell wall materials A cell plate forms between the two nuclei

22. Cytokinesis in animal cells Plants Formation begins with a disc containing cell wall materials A cell plate forms between the two nuclei Cleavage furrow Cleavage furrow Daughter cells Cleavage furrow Contracting ring of microfilaments SEM 140 

23. Cytokinesis in plant cells Cell wallNew cell wall Daughter cellsCell plateVesicles containing cell wall material