2. CAT-ToBI Coordinator: Pilar Prieto Participants: Lourdes Aguilar, Ignasi Mascaró, Francesc Josep Torres, and Maria del Mar Vanrell

3. Aims To propose a unified transcription system for Catalan intonation and its dialectal varieties, Cat- ToBI. A written document describing with the basics of the Cat-ToBI transcription system with examples of labeled utterances can be found at http://seneca.uab.es/atlesentonacio/ http://seneca.uab.es/atlesentonacio/ Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

4. Aim Aim Mètodes Conclusions ProsodyLab

5. Methodology Cat-ToBI was developed on the basis of: –Existing research on Catalan intonation; –The annotation of a corpus which consists of the following: Inductive intonation interviews which contain a wide variety of statements, yes-no questions, wh-questions, commands, vocatives, and exhortative sentences; http://seneca.uab.es/atlesentonacio/enquestes/illesbalears/mallorca/palma/index.html Map-Tasks; http://seneca.uab.es/atlesentonacio/enquestes/illesbalears/mallorca/palma/index.html#maptasks http://seneca.uab.es/atlesentonacio/enquestes/illesbalears/mallorca/palma/index.html#maptasks Interviews; http://seneca.uab.es/atlesentonacio/enquestes/illesbalears/mallorca/palma/index.html#entrevistes http://seneca.uab.es/atlesentonacio/enquestes/illesbalears/mallorca/palma/index.html#entrevistes –The corpus data was collected in 25 locations. Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

7. Dialectal varieties The data was collected in 25 cities belonging to the two main geographical varieties: –Eastern Catalan Central Catalan: Barcelona, Berga, Reus, Banyoles, Ripoll. Majorcan: Palma, Manacor, Binissalem, Sineu, Pollença, Sóller. Minorcan: Maó, Ciutadella, es Migjorn. Ibizan: Ciutat d’Eivissa, Sant Josep i Santa Eulàlia. Formenteran: Sant Francesc Xavier. –Western Catalan Northwestern Catalan: Lleida, Balaguer, Vall de Boí, Andorra. Tortosí: Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Móra d’Ebre. Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

9. Cat-ToBI The pitch accents Maria del Mar Vanrell Combinations of phrase accents and boundary tones Lourdes Aguilar The need for mid tones Francesc Josep Torres

10. Phonetic realization of the labels: H* L* L+H* L*+H H+L* Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

11. Pitch accents: H* H* Què li duries? “What would you bring him/her?” (What-question, Eastern Catalan, Majorcan) Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

12. Pitch accents: L* Tenen mandarines? “Do you have tangerines?” (Yes-no question, Eastern Catalan, Ibizan) L* Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

13. Pitch accents: L+H* L+H* Margalida! Vine aquí! “Margalida! Come here!” (Imperative, Eastern Catalan, Majorcan) Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

14. Pitch accents: L*+H L*+H Teniu mandarines? “Do you have tangerines?” (Yes-no question, Eastern Catalan, Ibizan) Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

15. Pitch accents: H+L* vs ¡H+L* (Majorcan) H+L* ¡H+L* Què li duries? “What would you bring him/her?” (What-question, Eastern Catalan, Majorcan) Que l’hi duries? “Would you bring it to him/her?” (Yes-no question, Eastern Catalan, Majorcan) Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

16. Six different pitch accents in Catalan: H* L* L+H* L*+H H+L* ¡H+L* (Majorcan Catalan) Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

17. Boundary tones Two levels of intonational phrasing : Intermediate phrase: H-, !H- and L- Intonational phrase: combinations of phrase accents with the boundary tones H%, !H% or L% Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

18. Phrase accents: H- Continuation rise at the end of ips: Gelat de vainilla o gelat d’avellana? “Vanilla or hazelnut ice-cream?” (Disjunctive question, Eastern Catalan, Ibizan) Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

19. Phrase accents: L- Low tonal movement at the end of ips: Que hi és, la Margarida? “Is Margarida in?” (Yes-no question, Northwestern Catalan, Lleida) Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

20. Phrase accents: !H- Downstepped rising tonal movement at the end of ips: Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions Maria, vine! “Maria, come!” (Imperative, Eastern Catalan, Central Catalan)

21. Boundary tones: L-L% vs H-L% vs LH-L% Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions Margalida! “Margalida [person’s name]!” (Vocative, Eastern Catalan, Ibizan) Vine! “Come!” (Imperative, Eastern Catalan, Ibizan) Vine! “Come!” (Insistent request -polite meaning, Eastern Catalan, Formenteran)

22. Boundary tones: L-H% vs H-H% Que tens gana?! “Are you hungry?!” (Confirmation seeking question with surprise, Eastern Catalan, Minorcan) D’en Jaume! “From Jaume!” (Obvious statement, Eastern Catalan, Majorcan) Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

23. Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions Cat-ToBISchematic representation Prototypical sentence types and intonational meaning L-L% Declaratives, falling yes-no questions and wh-questions H-H% Rising yes-no questions H-L% Exhortatives with insistence LH-L% Requests and vocatives with insistence L-H% Obvious statements L-!H% Categorical-obvious statements and disapproval statements H-!H% Hesitation statements !H-!H% Vocatives

24. Three level tones? We will provide evidence that a mid level tone (!H) needs to be incorporated as a boundary tone. There are two kinds of mid boundary tones: –Static mid tone: a sustained mid boundary tone (Ladd, 1996: 43ff). –Dynamic mid tone: a complex falling and rising movement from the nuclear accent to a final mid tone, or a rising or falling movement from the nuclear accent to a final mid tone. Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

25. Sustained mid boundary tones: !H-!H% Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions Chanted tune in typical calling contours: Margalida! “Margalida [person’s name]!” (Vocative, Eastern Catalan, Formenteran) Margalida!! “Margalida [person’s name]!!” (Insistent vocative, Eastern Catalan, Formenteran)

26. Sustained mid boundary tones: !H-!H% The same contour is produced with a proparoxitonic word: Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions Bàrbara! “Barbara [person’s name]!” (Vocative, Eastern Catalan, Central Catalan)

27. Dynamic mid boundary tones: L-H% vs L-!H% La Bàrbara! “Barbara [person’s name]!”(Yes-no Echo question, Eastern Catalan, Central Catalan) La Bàrbara! “Barbara [person’s name]!” (Categorical-obvious statement, Eastern Catalan, Central Catalan) Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

28. Dynamic mid boundary tones: H-H% vs L-!H% vs L-L% Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions La Bàrbara (Neutral statement, Eastern Catalan, Central Catalan) La Bàrbara? (Rising yes-no question, Eastern Catalan, Central Catalan) La Bàrbara (Disapproval statement, Eastern Catalan, Central Catalan)

29. Dynamic mid boundary tones: L-L% vs H-!H% vs H-H% Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions La BÀRBARA! (Emphatic statement, Eastern Catalan, Central Catalan) La Bàrbara? (Yes-no echo question with surprise, Eastern Catalan, Central Catalan) Potser és la Bárbara… “It is maybe Bàrbara…” (Hesitation contour, Eastern Catalan, Central Catalan)

30. Summary: mid boundary tones Figures exemplify main contrasts and Cat-ToBI transcription: Categorical-obvious statement vs yes-no echo question Disapproval statement vs rising yes-no question Hesitation statement vs emphatic statement Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions L+H* L-!H%L+H* L-H% L* L-!H%L* H-H% L+H* H-!H%L+H* L-L%

31. Summary: mid boundary tones Even though our proposal solves the transcription problem, the use of !H leads to overuse of the downstep feature. If an M tone were incorporated: – (a) the system would become more precise and transparent and – (b) the downstep feature would maintain its original function, that is, the effect of automatic lowering of successive high tone targets within a prosodic phrase in downstepping contours. Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

32. We have found the following pitch accents and boundary tones: -pitch accents: L*, H* (¡H*, !H*), L+H*, L*+H, H+L* and ¡H+L* -boundary tones: -phrase accents: L-, H- and !H- -boundary tones: L-L%, H-H%, L-H%, H-L%, !H-!H%, L-!H% and H-!H% Evidence for upstepped ¡H+L* versus H+L* (Majorcan Catalan). Evidence for complex boundary tone LHL% Evidence for a mid level boundary tone (!H%). We are conducting some perception experiments on the mid level boundary tone contrasts. Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

33. Cat-ToBISquematic representation Prototypical sentence types and intonational meaning L* L-L% Neutral statements H+L*/ ¡H+L* L-L% Falling yes-no questions (L)+H* L-L% Wh-questions L* H-H% Rising yes-no questions, confirmation seeking- questions L+H* H-H% Echo questions with surprise H* H-H% Yes-no questions with invitation or offer meaning L* L-H% Obvious statement L+H* L-L% Imperatives and emphasis statements Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions

34. Aims Dialectal varieties Methodology Pitch accents Phrase accents and boundary tones Mid tones General conclusions Cat-ToBISquematic representation Prototypical sentence types and intonational meaning L* H-L% Statements with convictions and obviety meaning L+H* !H-!H% Vocatives L+H* H-L% Vocative with insistent interest L+H* L-H% Yes-no echo questions L+H* LH-L% Insistent request L+H* L-!H% Categorical-obvious statements L* L-!H% Disapproval statements L+H* H-!H% Hesitation statements

35. Muito obrigados!