1. Soil Mapping: A Blueprint for Optimizing Inputs and Yield By: Jim Yager, Ph.D. Oct. 23, 2014 Tulare Fall Citrus Meeting

2. Do You Need A Blueprint ? Do You Need A Blueprint ? Build a New House Without A Blueprint? Order Windows Without a Blueprint? Would You Really Develop a New Citrus Planting Without a Blueprint… Or Order Trees Without a Blueprint? A Blueprint is a Small Investment to Help Manage, Control, and Execute the Large Investment Going into A New Planting.

3. Are We At Risk with Same Old Ways? Faced with Drought, Water Crisis, ACP, and Gloomy Economics, Can We Afford to Farm the Same Old Way? Doing the Same Thing Over and Over Expecting Different Results is the Definition of Insanity!

4. How Do You Make A Blueprint? Use Technologies to Get Current Data & Information to Bring About Significant Improvements. Soil Textures are the Fixed and Critical Factor For a Superior Citrus Planting. It Includes an Integration of All the Resources, Systems, and Processes: Soil, Crop, Water, Inputs, Outputs, and Pest Management.

5. Data From the Veris Technology! Data From the Veris Technology! - + - - + - 1Ft 1 Ft 3 Ft Veris EC Data and Directed Sampling for Verification Along with Analysis and Interpretation Provides Information and Knowledge. Started in 1998! Mapped > 100,000 Acres and 34 Different Crops

6. Key Color Codes to Electrical Conductivity Maps Red is High EC = Fine Textured (Clayey) Soils Yellow EC = Field Average Blue Blue is Low EC = Coarse Texture (Sandy)Soils.5 X Mean Mean 1.5 X Mean.5 X Mean Mean 1.5 X Mean EC’s Blue Yellow Red To Estimate Yields if You Have A Block Average:

7. Data Analysis Is the Critical Factor! Normal Distribution Around MeanDistribution of Good, Bad Soils A Typical Map Provided by Most Service Providers. Do Best Job of Farming on Better Soils While Saving Input on Worst Soils

8. Why I See What You Don’t! Why I See What You Don’t! We Are Looking for Different Things. I Trained as Combat Engineer Officer! With “Mouse Trap” Booby Traps… If You Heard a Snap You Were Dead Trained to Spot, Sweep and Disarm Mines. That is Why I See Things You Don’t. It’s A Habit for Me But You Can Develop These Same Skills.

9. I Have Done Corporate Sales and R&D. If You Can’t See Performance Differences, You Don’t Have A Product to Sell! Customers Will not Buy. Which is Why Some of You Have Not Been Impressed With the Whole PA Tech. Thing! The Maps Don’t Relate To Things You See in Your Fields. Look for Differences in How Products Work or Don’t Work, and For Any Thing That Looks Very Similar or Are Very Contrasting in Size, Shape, Color, Texture, etc.

12. Verification of Textures to EC - Best/Worst Soils

13. Two Zones in One Field! RED is Best is Worst BLUE is Worst

14. Management Zones for Rx Amendments Using Raw Veris Data!

15. Soil Textures/Planting Features Row Direction Tree Spacing Air/Water Drainage Soil Prep Harvest/Maturity Var./Rootstock On Tree Storage Scheduling Pest Mgmt. Plants/SoilsWater Zones/Valving Dual Line/Manifold Water ½ Rows Yield/Quality Shady or Sunny Moisture Sensors Thermometers

16. You Must Have a 3-Dimensional Perspective Of Your Soils To Accurately Manage Inputs! Of Your Soils To Accurately Manage Inputs! These Contrasting Textures and Free Lime Are Extremes To Manage if You Don’t Know Spatially Where They Are. Clay Loamy Sand SCL Over Free Lime Our Veris Data Mapping and Verification Process Will Locate These Risky Situations.

17. How Soil Textures Impact Citrus! Note: Dry Down for Redevelopment SL/L SCL CL L SL

18. Google Earth Image Under EC 0-3’ Map Missing Trees with Red (High) EC 0-3’ 100+ Yr Old Wash. Navels Why SOW Doesn’t Work! Gone from Furrow Flood to Micro Brdcast Flood of Total Root Area.

19. Total Integration of Field Features, Processes, and Systems Included in Blueprint! Inputs Soil Output/Yld CropWater Pest Mgmt

20. What Does A Blueprint Do For You? Provides New Knowledge Gained From Technologies! Reveals Opportunities for Major Improvements in Crop Production and Profitability! Validate Old Paradigms. Focuses Decision Making Based On Soil Textures.

21. Thank You For Your Time Break Through Your KNOWLEDGE BARRIER: Get To Know Your Soils For More Information: Jim Yager Cell Phone: 559-259-4532

22. What Would a Blueprint Look Like? 1. Have Current State-of-the-Art Soil Data! 2. Features Are Designed Around Soil Textures. 3. Straight Forward, No Algorithms, and Hidden Mysterious Statistics or Rx’s. 4. It Visually Relates to Features You See. 5. Has Choices or Alternatives to Consider! 6. Comprehensive!