1. Principles & Applications
Electronics
Principles & Applications
Sixth Edition
Charles A. Schuler
Chapter 1
Introduction
(student version)
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

2. INTRODUCTION History Digital or Analog Analog Functions
Circuits with Both DC and AC
Trends

3. Dear Student:
This presentation is arranged in segments. Each segment is preceded by a Concept Preview slide and is followed by a Concept Review slide. When you reach a Concept Review slide, you can return to the beginning of that segment by clicking on the Repeat Segment button. This will allow you
to view that segment again, if you want to.

4. History 1899 Discovery of the Electron 1901 Radio 1906 Vacuum Tube
1943 First Computer
1947 Transistor
1958 Integrated Circuit
1971 Microprocessor
1982 Single Chip DSP

5. Concept Preview
The world of electronics can be divided into digital or analog.
Analog signals come from nature and from physical systems.
Analog signals have an infinite variety of levels.
Digital signals usually have only two levels.
Digital signals are often represented as binary numbers.
A/D and D/A conversions are commonplace.

6. An infinite number of levels
ANALOG

7. 2 levels
DIGITAL

8. ANALOG
(non-linear)

9. Binary numbers
Analog in … digital out
A/D
converter

10. Digital in … analog out
D/A
converter

11. D/A
converter

12. Electronic Circuit Quiz
The output of a typical digital circuit has _________ states or levels.
two
The output of a typical analog circuit has ________ states or levels.
infinite
Linear electronic circuits are in the category called ____________.
analog
An analog circuit with some distortion can be called ________.
non-linear
An analog signal can be changed to a numerical format by an ____________.
A/D converter

13. Concept Review
The world of electronics can be divided into digital or analog.
Analog signals come from nature and from physical systems.
Analog signals have an infinite variety of levels.
Digital signals usually have only two levels.
Digital signals are often represented as binary numbers.
A/D and D/A conversions are commonplace.
Repeat Segment

14. ANALOG ELECTRONIC FUNCTIONS
Oscillator
Controller
Divider
Adder
Switch
Clipper
Amplifier
Detector
Mixer
Filter
Comparator
Subtractor
Regulator
Converter
Multiplier
Attenuator
Rectifier

15. Concept Preview
Many circuits and signals have both ac and dc components.
Capacitors can couple ac signals from one point to another.
Coupling capacitors have low reactance at the signal frequency.
Capacitors block dc since they have infinite reactance at 0 Hz.
Bypass capacitors remove the ac component.
Bypass capacitors have one lead grounded.

16. Many circuits are a mix of ac and dc.
10 V
0 V
10 V
10 kW
3.3 kW
1 mF
1 mF
10 VP-P
10 kW
10 kW
10 kHz

17. +5 V
0 V
-5 V
10 V
10 kW
3.3 kW
1 mF
1 mF
10 VP-P
10 kW
10 kW
10 kHz

18. Note the loss in ac amplitude due to the drop across
the 3.3 kW resistor.
0 V
10 V
10 kW
3.3 kW
1 mF
1 mF
10 VP-P
10 kW
10 kW
10 kHz

19. Note the combined dc and ac.
+5 V
0 V
10 V
10 kW
3.3 kW
1 mF
1 mF
10 VP-P
10 kW
10 kW
10 kHz

20. Note that the dc signal is blocked by the capacitor.
0 V
10 V
10 kW
3.3 kW
1 mF
1 mF
10 VP-P
10 kW
10 kW
10 kHz

21. Bypass capacitors are used to eliminate the ac component.
+5 V
0 V
10 V
10 kW
3.3 kW
1 mF
10 VP-P
10 kW
1 mF
10 kHz
Bypass capacitor

22. Capacitor/Resistor Quiz
A node in an electronic circuit can have
both dc and ac _________.
components
Capacitors support the flow of ac but
block ________. dc
Resistors provide equal opposition to both ____________.
dc and ac
When a capacitor is used to eliminate ac at a node it is called a ________.
bypass
A blocking capacitor is used to eliminate
________ at a circuit node. dc

23. Concept Review
Many circuits and signals have both ac and dc components.
Capacitors can couple ac signals from one point to another.
Coupling capacitors have low reactance at the signal frequency.
Capacitors block dc since they have infinite reactance at 0 Hz.
Bypass capacitors remove the ac component.
Bypass capacitors have one lead grounded.
Repeat Segment

24. Insertion Technology Solder
Device leads pass through holes in the circuit board.
Solder

25. Surface Mount Technology
Solder
SOT-223
Chip resistor
Devices placed by automatic equipment
Circuit boards cost less (fewer holes)
Higher connection density
Smaller and less expensive products
Difficult to repair

26. Probing fine-pitch ICs is difficult without the right tools!

27. SMT integrated circuits.
The “Wedge” probe
from Agilent makes
it possible to safely
connect to fine-pitch
SMT integrated circuits.
Photograph courtesy of Agilent Technologies

28. REVIEW History Digital or Analog Analog Functions
Circuits with Both DC and AC
Trends