1. Unpacking Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Symbolism
PENTANGLE ACTIVITY

2. In medieval England, the “Green Man” was a pagan representation of nature. The “Green Man” was not Satanic, but did symbolize the nature worship that characterized pre- Christian tribal paganism.
The “Green Man” is not evil, but is also not Christian. A battle between any of Arthur’s knights and any creature reminiscent of Britain’s pagan past is, by extension, a battle between “good” and “evil” – or between the Christian piety of Arthur’s knights and their tribal, non-Christian predecessors.
Why the Green Knight?

3. Draw a star.

4. What is a pentangle?
A pentangle (known more commonly as a pentagram) is the shape of a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes. This means that the pentangle is infinity. It is also called the “endless knot.”
The figure of the five-point star much always stay upright, with the topmost triangle point to heaven. The five points are symbolic of the five wounds of Christ.
If the figure is reversed, perversion and evil will result. It can be the symbol of black magic.

5. Turn to page 76 of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Read lines 618-665.

6. Gawain’s Shield
In the poem, Gawain’s shield is very clearly described as a golden pentangle on a field of red. The pentangle, the poem goes on to tell us, represents Gawain’s Five Fifths.

8. In medieval symbology, red signifies humility as the blood of Christ Gold signifies perfection.

9. 1
Gawain was said to possess five qualities – one for each of the pentangle’s points – wherein he far excelled all other knights.
The first of these “Five Fifths” was his faultlessness in his five senses.

10. 2
Gawain was said to possess five qualities wherein he far excelled all other knights. The next (second) of these “Five Fifths” was his faultlessness in his five fingers.

11. Gawain was said to possess five qualities wherein he far excelled all other knights. The next (third) of these “Five Fifths” was the strength Gawain drew from his devotion to the “five wounds of Christ.” 3

12. The Jerusalem Cross The wounds in the hands. The wounds in the feet.
The wound in the side of Christ

13. Gawain was said to possess five qualities wherein he far excelled all other knights. The next (fourth) of these “Five Fifths” was the strength Gawain drew from his devotion to the “five joys of Mary.” 4

14. The five joys of Mary are also known as The Five Joyful Mysteries of the Rosary. They are:
the Annunciation
the Nativity
the Resurrection
the Ascension
the Assumption
1. The first joy, as I you tell, With Mary met Saint Gabriel. "Hail, Mary, I greet thee well     With Father, Son and Holy Ghost."
2. The second joy, in good fay, Was on Christmas Day; Born He was of a may     With Father, Son and Holy Ghost.
3. The third joy, withouten strife, That blissful Birth was full rife, When He rose fro death to life,     With Father, Son and Holy Ghost.
4. The fourth joy, in good fay, Was upon Hallowed Thursday, He rose to heaven in rich array,     With Father, Son and Holy Ghost.
5. The fifth joy, withouten dene,1 In heaven He crowned His mother clean, That was well with the eye a-seen,2     With Father, Son and Holy Ghost.

15. 5
Gawain was said to possess five qualities wherein he far excelled all other knights. The last of these “Five Fifths” was Gawain’s well-known practice of the “five social graces.”

16. The five social graces which Gawain exemplifies above all others are:
Love
Friendship
Purity
Courtesy
Pity or Piety

17. Gawain faced 5 challenges
to voluntarily confront the Green Knight
to strike his blow properly
to keep his vow to meet the Green Knight in a year and a day.
to survive journey to the green chapel
to resist the lady’s temptations

18. More on Gawain’s fifth challenge
The FIFTH TEST is the temptations and the three gifts; it tests especially the fifth point of the pentangle, the social virtues. Gawain falls: his acceptance of the girdle is not a fault; his hiding of it is a potential fault; his actual withholding of it from Bertilak is his fall. Had he given it back to the lady, he would have erased his potential fault. The real fault, from Gawain's point of view, is that the reality of his own mortality induces him to break the endless knot. Thus two effects of original sin are reasserted: cowardice (bodily mortality) and covetousness (willful cupidity). His nature as a man is asserting itself against his nature as a knight.

19. YOUR TASK: Pentangle Activity
You are to create a concrete pentangle with your understanding of the symbolism of the pentangle. Incorporate the symbolism of the Five Fifths that make the pentangle meaningful to Sir Gawain.
You will present your pentangle to the class.
This assignment is worth 50 points. ;)
It is due on Monday.

20. Examples

21. Examples