1. The use of geospatial technologies to monitor surface water Department of Zoology, UNH Cooperative Extension Center for Freshwater Biology, University of New Hampshire NEAEB Annual Meeting, March 29-31, 2006 Shane Bradt

2. What are geospatial technologies? “Hypothetical” situations for using GST to monitor surface waters Where did these ideas come from? Any other ideas...

3. Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Geographic Information System (GIS) Remote Sensing (RS)

4. How does GPS work? Earth Space 1. The receiver picks up the signals from the satellites GPS

5. How does GPS work? Earth Space 2. Travel time of signal from satellite used to calculate distance 0.075 sec = 14,000 mi 0.059 sec = 11,000 mi 0.070 sec = 13,000 mi 0.065 sec = 12,000 mi 3. Receiver triangulates to determine position of the receiver GPS

6. How does GPS work? 3. Receiver triangulates to determine position of the receiver GPS

7. How does GPS work? 3. Receiver triangulates to determine position of the receiver GPS

8. How does GPS work? 3. Receiver triangulates to determine position of the receiver GPS

9. How does GPS work? 3. Receiver triangulates to determine position of the receiver You are here! GPS

10. Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Points, Lines, Areas

11. Chemical, Physical and Biological Activities RS

12. Visual representation Thematic representation RS

13. Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Remote Sensing (RS) Points, Lines, Areas Imagery, Topography

14. Remote Sensing GPS GIS Data Sources Paper Maps GIS

15. What makes GIS work? GIS SOFTWARE - Stack different data layers GIS SOFTWARE - Knows how features are related to each other spatially GIS

16. Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Geographic Information System (GIS) Remote Sensing (RS) Points, Lines, Areas Imagery, Topography Points, Lines, Areas, Imagery, Topography Spatial information linked to tabular data Be aware of error inherent in data

17. Questions you need to ask yourself What is your goal? –Monitor many lakes over long time scales What features would you like to monitor? –Water clarity How frequently do you need measurements? –Several times a year What is the spatial scale you need? –30 meters

18. What is your goal? –Monitor many lakes over long time scales What features would you like to monitor? –Water clarity How frequently do you need measurements? –Several times a year What is the spatial scale you need? –30 meters “Hypothetical” situation #1

19. Long term change – Secchi disk depth Landsat TM GISGPSRS

20. Long term change – Secchi disk depth Landsat TM GISGPSRS

21. Long term change – Secchi disk depth Landsat TM GISGPSRS

22. What is your goal? –Detail water quality a single large lake What features would you like to monitor? –Chlorophyll How frequently do you need measurements? –Once What is the spatial scale you need? –1 km “Hypothetical” situation #2

23. (  g l -1 ) GISGPS Short term: chlorophyll

24. Chl 2Chl 3 Short term: chlorophyll Chl 1 MODIS GISGPSRS

25. Long term: chlorophyll GISGPSRS

26. 2 Jun 05 Chlorophyll data from lake collections Method for determining chlorophyll from satellite 18 May 057 Jun 059 Jun 0514 Jun 0517 Jun 0526 May 0513 May 058 May 05

27. What is your goal? –A RS method to detect many water quality features What features would you like to monitor? –Chlorophyll, CDOM, cyanobacteria, sediments How frequently do you need measurements? –Variable What is the spatial scale you need? –Small as possible “Hypothetical” situation #3

28. DRS on-lake GPSRS Short term: chl, phyco, CDOM, sediments

29. Phycocyanin Fluorescence Scattering CDOM Chlorophyll aPhycocyanin Fluorescence Scattering CDOM Chlorophyll a Chl a = 61.9  g l -1 SDD = 0.6 m CDOM = 28.4 CPU Chl a = 1.4  g l -1 SDD = 6.4 m CDOM = 7.4 CPU Short term: chl, phyco, CDOM, sediments GPSRS

30. Short term: chl, phyco, CDOM, sediments GISGPSRS

31. What is your goal? –Describe watershed characteristics for a water body What features would you like to monitor? –Watershed extent, landcover, soils, topography How frequently do you need measurements? –Every few years What is the spatial scale you need? –Depends on feature “Hypothetical” situation #4

32. Topography: DEM GISRS

33. Hillshade: DEM GISRS

34. Topography: DEM GISRS

35. Watershed: DEM GISRS

36. Slope: DEM GISRS

37. Severe slope: DEM GISRS

38. Landcover: Landsat GISRSGPS

39. Impervious surfaces: Landsat GISRS

40. Impervious surfaces: Landsat GISRS

41. Soils: Soil Surveys GIS

42. Where did I get these ideas? Introduction: –UNH Cooperative Extension – Myself, Jeff Schloss Hypothetical #1: Monitor water clarity in many lakes –Upper Midwest Regional Earth Science Applications Center (Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin) Hypothetical #2: Monitor chlorophyll in a large lake –My PhD research, USGS Salt Lake City, Utah State University Hypothetical #3: RS method of describing lakes –My PhD research, University of Nebraska Lincoln, EPA Region 1 Hypothetical #4: Describing watershed features –UNH Cooperative Extension GIS course – Watershed Analysis using Spatial Analyst in ArcGIS 9.1

43. Where did I get these ideas? Introduction: –UNH Cooperative Extension – Myself, Jeff Schloss Hypothetical #1: Monitor water clarity in many lakes –Upper Midwest Regional Earth Science Applications Center (Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin) Hypothetical #2: Monitor chlorophyll in a large lake –My PhD research, USGS Salt Lake City, Utah State University Hypothetical #3: RS method of describing lakes –My PhD research, University of Nebraska Lincoln, EPA Region 1 Hypothetical #4: Describing watershed features –UNH Cooperative Extension GIS course – Watershed Analysis using Spatial Analyst in ArcGIS 9.1

44. Your turn...