1. 3D STRUCTURE MODELING AT THE FEDERAL INSTITUTE FOR GEOSCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES (BGR), GERMANY Birgit Willscher, Rolf Rüdiger Ludwig, Bettina Kühn THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING (Workshop) Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009

2. 1 BGR and 3D modeling Geoscientific institute (subordinate agency of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, BMWi) About BGR THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009

3. 1 BGR and 3D modeling Geoscientific institute (subordinate agency of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, BMWi) Advice and information to the federal government of Germany and to German industry and research institutions About BGR THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009

4. 1 BGR and 3D modeling Geoscientific institute (subordinate agency of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, BMWi) Advice and information to the federal government of Germany and to German industry and research institutions Technical cooperation with developing countries, international geoscientific cooperation, geoscientific research About BGR THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009

5. 1 BGR and 3D modeling 3D modeling THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Our team: hydrogeological 3D structure modeling

6. 1 BGR and 3D modeling 3D modeling THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Our team: hydrogeological 3D structure modeling Why 3D: 2D: just a small slice of a complex situation 3D: necessary for spatial consistency

7. 1 BGR and 3D modeling 3D modeling THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Our team: hydrogeological 3D structure modeling Why 3D: 2D: just a small slice of a complex situation 3D: necessary for spatial consistency

8. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Discretion of surfaces to grids and discretion of geo-bodies to volumetric polygons - interpolation algorithms - smoothing

9. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Discretion of surfaces to grids and discretion of geo-bodies to volumetric polygons - interpolation algorithms - smoothing for heterogeneous data, irregularly distributed data, or data varying in scale time-saving +

10. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Discretion of surfaces to grids and discretion of geo-bodies to volumetric polygons - interpolation algorithms - smoothing for heterogeneous data, irregularly distributed data, or data varying in scale time-saving penetration + _

11. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Discretion of surfaces to grids and discretion of geo-bodies to volumetric polygons - interpolation algorithms - smoothing for heterogeneous data, irregularly distributed data, or data varying in scale time-saving penetration + _

12. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Discretion of surfaces to grids and discretion of geo-bodies to volumetric polygons - interpolation algorithms - smoothing for heterogeneous data, irregularly distributed data, or data varying in scale time-saving penetration subcrops not being in contact with surfaces + _

13. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Discretion of surfaces to grids and discretion of geo-bodies to volumetric polygons - interpolation algorithms - smoothing for heterogeneous data, irregularly distributed data, or data varying in scale time-saving penetration subcrops not being in contact with surfaces + _

14. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Construction of geo-bodies using input data - points or lines - TIN

15. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Construction of geo-bodies using input data - points or lines - TIN

16. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 Construction of geo-bodies using input data - points or lines - TIN

17. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 + Construction of geo-bodies using input data - points or lines - TIN Construction of complex features

18. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 + Construction of geo-bodies using input data - points or lines - TIN Construction of complex features

19. 2 Methods Model construction principles THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 + Construction of geo-bodies using input data - points or lines - TIN Construction of complex features

20. 2 Methods THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 + Construction of geo-bodies using input data - points or lines - TIN Construction of complex features Visualisation of complex hydrogeological problems Model construction principles

21. 2 Methods THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 + Construction of geo-bodies using input data - points or lines - TIN Construction of complex features Visualisation of complex hydrogeological problems Model construction principles

22. 3 Discussion of TIN-based models For construction of complex features: - line-based, TIN - e.g. openGEO Software THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009

23. 3 Discussion of TIN-based models For construction of complex features: - line-based, TIN - e.g. openGEO complex features like lenses (duplication of layers) Software THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 +

24. 3 Discussion of TIN-based models For construction of complex features: - line-based, TIN - e.g. openGEO complex features like lenses (duplication of layers) difficult to learn AutoCAD required time-consuming Software THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 + _

25. 3 Discussion of TIN-based models Software THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 For stacked layer models: - e.g. GSI3D

26. 3 Discussion of TIN-based models Software THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 + For stacked layer models: - e.g. GSI3D easy to learn time-saving

27. 3 Discussion of TIN-based models Software THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 + _ For stacked layer models: - e.g. GSI3D easy to learn time-saving not applicable for complex faulting (ramps, overthrust faults)

28. 4 Conclusions Application of the appropriate software and methodology Hydrogeological 3D structure modeling THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009

29. 4 Conclusions Application of the appropriate software and methodology Purposes of the model – resources available for the project Hydrogeological 3D structure modeling THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009

30. 4 Conclusions Application of the appropriate software and methodology Purposes of the model – resources available for the project Model construction based on expert defined cross-sections or contour maps => control during the modeling process Hydrogeological 3D structure modeling THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009

31. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

32. 2D => 3D? Software? Quality control? Discussion: THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!