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The Autonomic Nervous System

2. A synonym for the autonomic nervous system reflects its major function
A synonym for the autonomic nervous system reflects its major function. The synonym is ______.
the peripheral nervous system
the central nervous system
the involuntary nervous system
the somatic nervous system
Answer: c. the involuntary nervous system
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3. A synonym for the autonomic nervous system reflects its major function
A synonym for the autonomic nervous system reflects its major function. The synonym is ______.
the peripheral nervous system
the central nervous system
the involuntary nervous system
the somatic nervous system
Answer: c. the involuntary nervous system
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4. Regulation of heart rate at low normal levels is achieved by the ______.
parasympathetic division
sympathetic division
somatic division
both A and B
Answer: a. parasympathetic division
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5. Regulation of heart rate at low normal levels is achieved by the ______.
parasympathetic division
sympathetic division
somatic division
both A and B
Answer: a. parasympathetic division
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6. How is it possible that norepinephrine can cause vasoconstriction in one location but vasodilation in another?
Sometimes norepinephrine is released by the parasympathetic nervous system, which causes relaxation.
Receptor types differ in these tissues.
Norepinephrine is not released by the parasympathetic nervous system.
It can't: Its actions are predictable no matter the tissue.
Answer: b. Receptor types differ in these tissues.
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7. How is it possible that norepinephrine can cause vasoconstriction in one location but vasodilation in another?
Sometimes norepinephrine is released by the parasympathetic nervous system, which causes relaxation.
Receptor types differ in these tissues.
Norepinephrine is not released by the parasympathetic nervous system.
It can't: Its actions are predictable no matter the tissue.
Answer: b. Receptor types differ in these tissues.
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8. Which of the following sets of conditions accurately describes the anatomy of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Thoracolumbar origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs
Craniosacral origin; short preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs
Craniosacral origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs
Thoracolumbar origin; short preganglionic fibers; ganglia close to the spinal cord
Answer: c. Craniosacral origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs
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9. Which of the following sets of conditions accurately describes the anatomy of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Thoracolumbar origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs
Craniosacral origin; short preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs
Craniosacral origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs
Thoracolumbar origin; short preganglionic fibers; ganglia close to the spinal cord
Answer: c. Craniosacral origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs
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10. The majority of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are housed within which cranial nerve?
Vagus
Glossopharyngeal
Facial
Trigeminal
Answer: a. Vagus
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11. The majority of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are housed within which cranial nerve?
Vagus
Glossopharyngeal
Facial
Trigeminal
Answer: a. Vagus
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12. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord via the _______ and pass through the _______ to enter the _______.
lateral horns; posterior vagal trunk; plexus
ventral root; rami communicantes; sympathetic trunk ganglia
dorsal root; lateral horns; vagal trunk
rami communicantes; sympathetic trunk ganglia; ventral root
Answer: b. ventral root; rami communicantes; sympathetic trunk ganglia
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13. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord via the _______ and pass through the _______ to enter the _______.
lateral horns; posterior vagal trunk; plexus
ventral root; rami communicantes; sympathetic trunk ganglia
dorsal root; lateral horns; vagal trunk
rami communicantes; sympathetic trunk ganglia; ventral root
Answer: b. ventral root; rami communicantes; sympathetic trunk ganglia
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14. In general, sympathetic innervation of visceral organs via the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves inhibits the activity of these organs. This is logical because _____.
sympathetic input primes the body to enter a resting state
sympathetic input is always inhibitory
parasympathetic innervation is lacking from this area
sympathetic activity primes the body for physical activity and temporarily shuts down noncritical body activities
Answer: d. sympathetic activity primes the body for physical activity and temporarily shuts down noncritical body activities
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15. In general, sympathetic innervation of visceral organs via the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves inhibits the activity of these organs. This is logical because _____.
sympathetic input primes the body to enter a resting state
sympathetic input is always inhibitory
parasympathetic innervation is lacking from this area
sympathetic activity primes the body for physical activity and temporarily shuts down noncritical body activities
Answer: d. sympathetic activity primes the body for physical activity and temporarily shuts down noncritical body activities
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16. Predict the outcome of an experiment in which adrenal medulla cells are treated with nicotine.
Blood levels of acetylcholine increase.
Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine decrease.
The adrenal medulla is inhibited by nicotine.
Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increase.
Answer: d. Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increase.
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17. Predict the outcome of an experiment in which adrenal medulla cells are treated with nicotine.
Blood levels of acetylcholine increase.
Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine decrease.
The adrenal medulla is inhibited by nicotine.
Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increase.
Answer: d. Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increase.
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18. Asthma patients suffer from attacks in which bronchiole smooth muscle constricts, making it hard to breathe. Albuterol, a common asthma medication, works via which of the following steps?
Binds to 2-adrenergic receptors to enhance vasodilation
Binds to nicotinic receptors and inhibits epinephrine release
Binds to and stimulates muscarinic receptors
Binds to 2-adrenergic receptors to inhibit vasodilation
Answer: a. Binds to 2-adrenergic receptors to enhance vasodilation
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19. Asthma patients suffer from attacks in which bronchiole smooth muscle constricts, making it hard to breathe. Albuterol, a common asthma medication, works via which of the following steps?
Binds to 2-adrenergic receptors to enhance vasodilation
Binds to nicotinic receptors and inhibits epinephrine release
Binds to and stimulates muscarinic receptors
Binds to 2-adrenergic receptors to inhibit vasodilation
Answer: a. Binds to 2-adrenergic receptors to enhance vasodilation
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20. Which area of the body receives no innervation by the parasympathetic nervous system?
Heart
Lung bronchioles
Bladder
Sweat glands
Answer: d. Sweat glands
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21. Which area of the body receives no innervation by the parasympathetic nervous system?
Heart
Lung bronchioles
Bladder
Sweat glands
Answer: d. Sweat glands
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22. The sympathetic division is involved in which of the following processes?
Regulating blood pressure
Increasing glucose metabolism
Decreasing urinary output
All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
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23. The sympathetic division is involved in which of the following processes?
Regulating blood pressure
Increasing glucose metabolism
Decreasing urinary output
All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
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24. At the top of the autonomic nervous system hierarchy, the ______ controls most of the autonomic nervous system functions via the reticular formation.
thalamus
hypothalamus
limbic system
pituitary gland
Answer: b. hypothalamus
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25. At the top of the autonomic nervous system hierarchy, the ______ controls most of the autonomic nervous system functions via the reticular formation.
thalamus
hypothalamus
limbic system
pituitary gland
Answer: b. hypothalamus
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26. Through the process of ______, seemingly involuntary activities can be voluntarily controlled.
hypnosis
biology
biofeedback
involuntary control
Answer: c. biofeedback
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27. Through the process of ______, seemingly involuntary activities can be voluntarily controlled.
hypnosis
biology
biofeedback
involuntary control
Answer: c. biofeedback
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28. Which of the following homeostatic imbalances of the ANS is a life-threatening condition involving uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons?
Autonomic dysreflexia
Raynaud's disease
Hypertension
Orthostatic hypotension
Answer: a. Autonomic dysreflexia
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29. Which of the following homeostatic imbalances of the ANS is a life-threatening condition involving uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons?
Autonomic dysreflexia
Raynaud's disease
Hypertension
Orthostatic hypotension
Answer: a. Autonomic dysreflexia
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