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Published byDaniel Provance Modified over 9 years ago
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Control of Attention Major Distinctions: VoluntaryReflexive Overt Covert or
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Studying Attention Posner Cue-Target Paradigm
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Paradigms Used To Study Attention Posner Cue - Target Paradigm: VALID CUE TRIAL
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Paradigms Used To Study Attention Posner Cue - Target Paradigm: VALID CUE TRIAL
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Paradigms Used To Study Attention Posner Cue - Target Paradigm: VALID CUE TRIAL
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Paradigms Used To Study Attention Posner Cue - Target Paradigm: X VALID CUE TRIAL
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Paradigms Used To Study Attention Posner Cue - Target Paradigm: INVALID CUE TRIAL
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Paradigms Used To Study Attention Posner Cue - Target Paradigm: INVALID CUE TRIAL
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Paradigms Used To Study Attention Posner Cue - Target Paradigm: INVALID CUE TRIAL
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Paradigms Used To Study Attention Posner Cue - Target Paradigm: X INVALID CUE TRIAL
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Paradigms Used To Study Attention Posner Cue - Target Paradigm: Attention Effect = Valid RT - Invalid RT People tend to be faster and more accurate on validly cued trials !
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Pardigms Used To Study Attention Does the Posner Cue - Target Paradigm elicited voluntary or reflexive orienting?
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Pardigms Used To Study Attention Does the Posner Cue - Target Paradigm elicited voluntary or reflexive orienting? Either or both! It depends on how it is set up.
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Voluntary Orienting What are some ways to make sure that subjects are voluntarily orienting attention? –use informative cue (validity greater than 50%) –use a symbolic cue
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Voluntary Orienting Symbolic vs. Stimulus Cues Symbolic cues orient attention towards another location. Stimulus cues orient attention to the stimulated location. Symbolic Stimulus +
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Voluntary Orienting What is the time course of voluntary orienting? Cue - Target Interval Response Time Invalid Valid It takes a few hundred ms to gain full benefit of attention ~ 200 - 400 ms
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Even non-informative cues cause faster responses when they are valid…why?
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Reflexive Orienting Even non-informative cues cause faster responses when they are valid…why? Attention can be automatically “summoned” to a location at which an important event has occurred:
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Reflexive Orienting Attention can be automatically “summoned” to a location at which an important event has occurred: –Loud noise –Motion –New Object We call this reflexive orienting or attentional capture Transients
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Reflexive Orienting Stimulus cues sometimes confound reflexive and voluntary orienting
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Reflexive Orienting Stimulus cues sometimes confound reflexive and voluntary orienting How could we change the Posner cueing paradigm to make it assess only reflexive orienting?
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Reflexive Orienting Stimulus cues sometimes confound reflexive and voluntary orienting How could we change the Posner cueing paradigm to make it assess only reflexive orienting? Make validity 50% (non-informative cue)
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Reflexive Orienting Time course of reflexive orienting is counterintuitive Cue - Target Interval (ms) Response Time Valid Invalid 0 5001000
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Reflexive Orienting Time course of reflexive orienting is counterintuitive Delayed response at validly cued location after long cue-target interval is known as Inhibition of Return
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Reflexive Orienting Time course of reflexive orienting is counterintuitive Delayed response at validly cued location after long cue-target interval is known as Inhibition of Return Thought to occur because attention goes to cued location, then leaves and is inhibited from returning
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Reflexive Orienting Can symbolic cues be reflexive?
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Reflexive Orienting Can symbolic cues be reflexive? Reflexive orienting to direction of eye gaze
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Reflexive Orienting Potential cues for Reflexive Orienting –Loud noise –Motion –New Object New Objects are powerful attention grabbers! Transients
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Reflexive Orienting New objects capture attention
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New Objects Capture Attention IS THERE AN “H”? Initial scene viewed for several hundred ms Yantis & Jonides (1990): New-Object Paradigm
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New Objects Capture Attention New scene: search for target letter IS THERE AN “H”? Yantis & Jonides (1990): New-Object Paradigm
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Reflexive Orienting Steven Yantis and colleagues –Result:
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Reflexive Orienting Steven Yantis and colleagues –Result: Targets are found faster when they are “new objects” than when they are revealed from “old” objects
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Reflexive Orienting Steven Yantis and colleagues –Interpretation: The visual system prioritizes in dealing with visual objects - relatively recent objects are “flagged” while older objects are disregarded
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Parallel vs. Serial Information Processing Remember - attention is about information processing
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Parallel vs. Serial Information Processing Remember - attention is about information processing A fundamental question was “how much information can be processed at once?”
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Parallel vs. Serial Information Processing Remember - attention is about information processing A fundamental question was “how much information can be processed at once?” –The answer seemed to be “not much” - but can we get a better understanding ?
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Parallel vs. Serial Information Processing Remember - attention is about information processing A fundamental question was “how much information can be processed at once?” –The answer seemed to be “not much” - but can we get a better understanding ? At issue is whether or not the brain can processes several items at once or must selectively attend to each item in turn
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Parallel vs. Serial Information Processing How could you determine that ?
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Next Time How could you determine that ? How to determine that. (Read Treisman Article for Friday)
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