1. Database Basics Alan B. Marr, M.D., F.A.C.S. Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery

2. Objectives Define Database Database Hx Steps of design

3. What is a Database? A method to store information Easy retrieval Easy update

4. Database History Flat file –Delimited text –Scan sequential entries –Not easily searchable

5. Database History Hierarchical Database –Inverted tree –Each file related only to one above or below –No lateral links –Requires repeat data –Hard to search

6. Database History Network Model –Improvement over hierarchical –Each file with multiple owners –Still can’t relate files to each other

7. Database History Relational Database –Flexible –No hard structure –File makeup Entries Attributes –SQL

8. Steps to Developing a Database 1: Planning and Analysis 2: Conceptual design 3: Logical design 4: Physical Design 5: Implementation

9. Planning and Analysis Anticipate question Literature review Data collection format

10. Conceptual design Data modeling –Sketch database relationships Entity-relationship diagram

11. Entity-Relationship Diagram Entity –Person –Place –Thing –Event –Concept Attributes –Descriptors of entities Primary key –Unique descriptor

12. E-R Example PatientOperation GET Relationship Surgeon Perform

13. Logical Design Refine conceptual design Normalize data Ensure data integrity

14. Physical Design Programming logical design Data tables created Forms made and linked Security

15. Implementation Data entered Database navigated Continual reassessment

16. Summary Database design important Follow 5 basic steps –1: Planning and Analysis – 2: Conceptual design – 3: Logical design – 4: Physical Design – 5: Implementation