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PJAS December 2010 The Effect of Detergent Concentration on Plant Growth Erin Annunziato Ms. Pietrangelo.

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Presentation on theme: "PJAS December 2010 The Effect of Detergent Concentration on Plant Growth Erin Annunziato Ms. Pietrangelo."— Presentation transcript:

1 PJAS December 2010 The Effect of Detergent Concentration on Plant Growth Erin Annunziato Ms. Pietrangelo

2 Reason- Environment ✤ laundry detergent in run-off ✤ fatal to plants ✤ human obstinacy ✤ more eco-friendly run-off

3 Hypothesis ✤ If there is more than 5% laundry detergent in the water given to the plants, then the plants will not grow.

4 Types of Peas ✤ Field Peas: ✤ “split peas” ✤ used in farming ✤ Pisum arvense ✤ Gardening Peas: ✤ popular for home gardeners ✤ sweeter and softer ✤ Pisum sativum

5 Growing Pea Plants ✤ Environment: ✤ about 12-24º C (55-75º F) ✤ moist soil ✤ sunny or partially-sunny

6 Key Terms ✤ photosynthesis: energy from the sunlight ✤ water and carbon dioxide -> food and oxygen ✤ detergent: cleans soiled surface (usually refers only to synthetic detergents) ✤ soap- a kind of detergent (different chemical-makeup than synthetic detergents) ✤ surfactants/surface active agents- consists of molecules that pull away dirt particles from surface ✤ ANOVA- an analysis of variance

7 Lab Details ✤ Independent Variable: concentration of detergent in the waterLevels: 1% detergent, 2% detergent, 3% detergent, 4%detergent, 5% detergent, 6% detergent, and 7% detergentTrials: 3Control: 0% detergentDependent Variable: Growth of plants (cm)Constants: type of plant, total amount of detergent/water added,, watering times and frequency, growing environment and time

8 Design Diagram Levels detergent (Control) 0% 1%2%3%4%5%6%7% Results of Trials 1-3 Average

9 Materials ✤ Pisum sativum seeds ✤ Tide Laundry Detergent ✤ water ✤ potting soil ✤ 8 pots- 11 centimeter circumference; 9.5 centimeter height ✤ graduated cylinder ✤ ruler ✤ 7 plastic bottles

10 Procedure 1. Plant 5 pea seeds 2 centimeters deep per 8 pots, each pot filled 6.3 centimeters with potting soil 2. Water the pots with pure water (0% detergent) every day until stems are at adequate heights to begin experiment 3. Measure test levels 1-7% detergent by mixing water and detergent in 500 mL water plastic bottles: ✤ 1%: 5 mL of laundry detergent and 495 mL of water ✤ 2%: 10 mL of laundry detergent and 490 mL of water ✤ 3%: 15 mL of detergent and 485 mL of water ✤ 4%: 20 mL of detergent and 480 mL of water ✤ 5%: 25 mL of detergent and 475 mL of water ✤ 6%: 30 mL of detergent and 475 mL of water ✤ 7%: 35 mL of detergent and 470 mL of water 4. Water plants each pot with the same amount (100 mL) of corresponding concentration level every day. 5. Record the plant height in centimeters every third day.

11 Nov. 13Nov. 16Nov. 19Nov. 22 0%12.31516.616.9 1%12.614 2%5.5 3%12.813 4%10.611.8 5%10.510.75 6%1313.612.25 7%9.39.2 Average Plant Heights (cm) Results Measurement Day Heights (cm) * These values have been gathered with only two trials, rather than three

12 Average Growth (cm) Results Measurement Day Difference in Heights (cm) start-1313-1616-1919-22 0%02.71.60.3 1%01.4 2%00 3%00.2 4%01.2 5%00.7 6%00.6-1.35 7%0-0.1

13 Addressing 6% ✤ height of plant 1 decreased ✤ cells may have shrunk ✤ unlikely measurement error because there is a trend ✤ plant 1 was the tallest ✤ plant 3 increased, then decreased ✤ plant 2 did not change then died 13th16th19th22nd 11716.515 214 3810.59.5

14 ANOVA: Results Source of Sum of d.f. Mean F Variation Squares Squares between 202.8 7 28.97 1.742 error 266.2 16 16.64 total 469.0 23 The probability of this result, assuming the null hypothesis, is 0.169 The null hypothesis is not rejected: There was no significant difference of the heights between the different groups that were treated with different concentrations of detergent Null hypothesis: There are no differences in the observed heights between the treatment groups

15 Conclusions ✤ Hypothesis: ✤ If there is more than 5% laundry detergent in the water given to the plants, then the plants will not grow. ✤ I cannot support nor refute my hypothesis ✤ 1-5% died, while 6% survived ✤ not enough data ✤ control survived

16 Sources of Error ✤ inadequate sunlight ✤ different starting maturity ✤ small pots ✤ human error ✤ graduated cylinder

17 Improvements ✤ more mature plants ✤ growing lamps ✤ same plant height ✤ lower laundry detergent concentrations ✤ larger growing space ✤ regulate root depth

18 Extensions ✤ root depth ✤ soap ✤ different plants

19 Thank you :) ✤ Ms. Pietrangelo ✤ My mother and my au pair


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