1. Group 5 Maha El-Deeb Khashayar Moez William Read Michael Teklu METHANOL

2. ● Known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol ● M.P. and B.P. are 175 K and 338 K respectively ● Highly toxic if ingested Image Source: http://igpenergy.com/products/methanol-overview/methanolhttp://igpenergy.com/products/methanol-overview/methanol

3. METHANOL AS A TRANSPORTATION FUEL ● Efficient combustion due to high octane rating ● Smaller emissions than other fuels ● low reactivity to prevent ground level smog ● Can’t be used 100% due to corrosive nature in fuel lines ● 85% Methanol 15% gasoline used as a blend

4. WASTEWATER TREATMENT ● Mainly used for denitrification. ● Using C 5 H 7 NO 2 as an empirical formula for bacteria, a general denitrification reaction could be the following: NO 3 - + 1.08 CH 3 OH + 0.24 H 2 CO 3 → 0.056 C 5 H 7 NO 2 + 0.47 N 2 + HCO 3 - + 1.68 H 2 O. ● Denitrification tends to raise the PH, however it is usually a very small effect that PH control is often not needed. ● Denitrification is hindered by the presence of oxygen thus it needs to be carried out in oxygen free environment. ● Used in over 200 wastewater treatment plants in the United States o Blue Plains (D.C.) exceeds EPA standards using methanol. [1] http://www.methanol.org/getdoc/74efb789-8095-4313-be84-38f6ae0df142/Exponent-Methanol-Denitrification-Report-July- 2012.aspxhttp://www.methanol.org/getdoc/74efb789-8095-4313-be84-38f6ae0df142/Exponent-Methanol-Denitrification-Report-July- 2012.aspx

5. FUEL CELLS ● Ideal Hydrogen Carrier because its the densest stable liquid with respect to hydrogen ● Used in either DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cells) or RMFC (Reformed Methanol Fuel Cells) ● Waste products only consist of carbon dioxide and water

6. METHANOL IN THE FEEDSTOCK ● Used as a Key component in several chemical processes ● Often by first changing methanol into formaldehyde, acetic acid and olefin

7. PRODUCTS MADE FROM METHANOL ● Plastics, Paints, resins ● Adhesives and solvents ● Magnetic film ● Carpeting and insulation ● Refrigerants ● windshield washer fluid

8. METHANOL → OLEFIN MTO PROCESS Methanol→ Olefins→ Plastics ●Ethylene & Propylene ○polymers/plastics ●At low T, methanol reacts to form DME. ●At high T, olefins are produced and the selectivity for DME decreases. ●Acidic Zeolite Catalysts ○crucial to MTO process ○too slow and economically feasible [1] http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/molsim/teaching/fall2009/mto/background.html http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/molsim/teaching/fall2009/mto/background.html

9. METHANOL → FORMALDEHYDE ● Industrial uses for formaldehyde: o Urea-formaldehyde: a resin used in adhesives o Melamine resin: used in kitchen utensils, whiteboards, and coating for particle boards o Polyoxymethylene: high performance parts like small gear wheels, ball bearings

10. METHANOL → FORMALDEHYDE ●Two common industrial practices involve the Formox Process and a Silver catalyzed process. ●The Formox process involves oxidation of Methanol at about 573 K, and uses Metal oxide blend catalyst consisting of Iron and Molybdenum. ●The Silver catalyzed process is held at a higher temperature (873 K), in which the dehydrogenation of Methanol is the primary source of Formaldehyde, however, a side reaction of the oxidation of unreacted Methanol also yields Formaldehyde.

11. METHANOL → ACETIC ACID ● Acetic acid is used to make cellulose acetate for photographic film [1] ● Also used to make polyvinyl acetate for wood glue ● Food additive E260 used to regulate acidity [2] ● Vinegar is dilute acetic acid [1] http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/101663/cellulose-acetatehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/101663/cellulose-acetate [2] http://www.laleva.cc/food/enumbers/E251-300.htmlhttp://www.laleva.cc/food/enumbers/E251-300.html

12. METHANOL → ACETIC ACID MONSANTO PROCESS ●Catalytic carbonylation of CH 3 OH 1 [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsanto_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsanto_process 4 3 2

13. METHANOL → ACETIC ACID CATALYTIC CATIVA PROCESS ●Developed by BP Chemicals (supplanted Monsanto Process) ●Iridium active catalyst ○uses less water in the reaction mixture ○reduces the number of drying columns necessary ○decreases formation of by-products (propionic acid) ○suppresses the water gas shift reaction.water gas shift reaction [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cativa_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cativa_process