1. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Lab 2 ( 實驗二 ) TA Shih-Kuei-Wei 助教 魏士貴 email: r93943113@ntu.edu.tw

2. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Single-Cycle clock All-in-one washer –Washer (take 20 min) –Dewaterer (take 20 min) –Dryer (take 30 min) –Presser (take 20 min) Because it has been designed as a fully automatic washer, we can get clean clothes just after all procedures. How many time we need to wait after starting to wash our clothes? What is the meaning of this period?

3. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Single-Cycle clock 用洗衣機來比喻如同全功能洗衣機 – 洗衣服 ( 需 20 分鐘 ) – 脫水 ( 需 20 分鐘 ) – 烘乾機 ( 需 30 分鐘 ) – 燙衣服 ( 需 20 分鐘 ) 收衣服前一定要完成每個洗衣的程序, 只要一個人在流程結束 的時候去收就可以了 整個流程要花多少時間 ? 每隔多少時間要派人去收衣服 ? 間隔派人去收衣服的週期代表的意義 ?

4. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Single-Cycle clock’s period Time Input Output (diff. instr.) 0 1 start short instructionlongest instruction When my clothes can ’ t be pressed. => Short instr.

5. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Multiple-Cycle clock Because different instructions need different stages to be executed. (IF, ID, EXE, MEM,WB) The wash flow need to be partitioned into stages. (still one machine) –washer, dewaterer, dryer, presser –Assume one people check clothes every 10 min There are two kinds of clothes need to be wash –One can’t to be dryer and presser, another one can’t to be presser. How many time we need to wash them?

6. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Multiple-Cycle clock 不同的指令會用到不同的 instruction stages (IF, ID, EXE, MEM, WB) 整個洗衣流程也分成數個 stages ( 仍然只用一台 洗衣機, 只是沒有那麼 ” 自動化 ”) – 洗衣 (20), 脫水 (20), 烘衣 (30), 燙衣 (20) – 每隔十分鐘有一個人去看需不需要換到下個 stage 假設有兩種不同質料的衣物需要洗 – 一種不能烘衣, 不能燙衣 ; 另一種不能燙衣我們需要 多少時間來洗呢 ?

7. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Multiple-Cycle clock with Pipeline If using multiple-cycle clock, there are still waste….(hardware part) 4 machines (1 washer, 1 dewaterer, 1dryer, 1 presser) –Using the same time of former assumption –Why adjust every stage time to the longest stage time? ANS: Easy to schedule. (Can’t know instruction type first.) So you can check clothes every 30 min

8. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Multiple-Cycle clock with Pipeline 當使用 multiple-cycle clock 的技術時, 仍然 有時間被浪費掉 ( 硬體上有空著的部分 ) 現在假設原有的全功能洗衣機依功能分 成四種部分 1 washer(20), 1 dewaterer(20), 1dryer(30), 1 presser(20) – 時間上每個部分的消耗和之前一樣 所以每 30 分鐘要叫一個人去看衣服是不是該做 下個步驟

9. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Comparison single multiple with pipeline 洗脫 烘燙 收 Time

10. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin What’s new Intel from “http://www.intel.com”

11. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Centrino Intel Pentium® M Processor Intel® Centrino™ mobile technology represents Intel's best notebook technologies designed specifically for mobile computing with integrated wireless LAN capability, breakthrough mobile performance while enabling extended battery life and sleek, easy-to-carry notebook PCs. From “http://www.intel.com”

12. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin What’s new AMD Desktop Processors Mobile Processors Server Processors Workstation Processors from “http://www.amd.com

13. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Hyper-Threading (HT) http://www.intel.com/support/processors/pentium4/pentiu m4_ht.htm#2http://www.intel.com/support/processors/pentium4/pentiu m4_ht.htm#2 AS (architectural state) [ 獨立儲存資料 ] –consists of the data registers, segment registers, control registers, debug registers, and most of the MSRs or Model Specific Registers. APIC [ 具備獨立運作的能力 ] –logical processor also has its own advanced programmable interrupt controller or APIC

14. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Traditional Dual Processor System vs. HT

15. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Traditional Single Processor System vs. Traditional Dual Processor System vs. HT

16. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Setup BIOS

17. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Windows Task Manager 工作管理員

18. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin What do I need to do to enable HT? CPU selection Motherboard selection BIOS configuration OS system support –Microsoft Windows XP Professional Edition –Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition –Red Hat Linux 9 (Professional and Personal versions) –SuSE Linux 8.2 (Professional and Personal versions) –Red Flag Linux Desktop 4.0 –COSIX Linux 4.0

19. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Dual Channel http://www.intel.com/design/chipsets/balanced.htm?iid=ip p_ht+minfo_ddr&http://www.intel.com/design/chipsets/balanced.htm?iid=ip p_ht+minfo_ddr& –There are one flash animation In order to make data transfer between CPU and memory faster (reach to 6.4G/s) What do you need? –Motherboard support, open by BIOS –Two DDR RAM

20. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Super Scalar execute more than one instruction at the same time.

21. 2004/03/15By Ting-Hao Lin Super Pipeline cut the instruction into more stages. Ex: Intel Pentium® 4 Processor has 20-stage pipeline while P-3 has 10-stage pipeline. penalty