1. Yan Zhang Cheng Li Brian Kirkpatrick Low rate WPAN standard

2. Open Systems Interconnection Model OSI Model Data UnitLayerFunction Host layersData7. ApplicationNetwork process to application 6. PresentationData representation, encryption and decryption, convert machine dependent data to machine independent data 5. SessionInter-host communication, managing sessions between applications Segments4. TransportEnd-to-end connections, reliability and flow control Media layersPacket / Datagram 3. NetworkPath determination and logical addressing Frame2. Data linkPhysical addressing Bit1. PhysicalMedia, signal and binary transmission

3. Zigbee Networks & Devices Layout: star, tree, mesh Nodes: coordinator, router, end device Algorithm considers both signal quality and hop count for each route. Avoids recalculating route Avoids resending data

4. Zigbee Multiplexing Orthogonal Signaling o BPSK / QPSK o Allows multiple nodes to talk at the same time  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift_keying CSMA-CA o Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Avoidance o Listen:  If someone's talking, wait for some random t < 2^n  Otherwise, your turn. o Battery Life Extension ( BLE )  'n' is limited to n < 2  Reciever can be awake for a shorter time

5. Frequency Bands Frequency Band Data Rate ( kbit/s ) Number of Channels Area 2.4 GHz25016Worldwide 915 MHz4010America & Australia 868 MHz201Europe

6. ZigBee802.11 (Wi-Fi) BluetoothWireles s USB IR Wireless Data Rate20, 40, and 250 Kbits/s 11 & 54 Mbits/sec 100-500 Mbits/s 62.5 Kbits/s20-40 Kbits/s 115 Kbits/s 4 & 16 Mbits/s Range10 - 100 meters50 - 100 meters < 10 meters10 meters<10 meters (line of sight) Networking TopologyAd-hoc, peer to peer, star, or mesh Point to hubPoint to point Operating Frequency868 MHz (Europe) 900-928 MHz (NA), 2.4 GHz (worldwide) 2.4 and 5 GHz 3.1 - 10.6 GHz2.4 GHz800-900 nm Complexity (Device & application impact) LowHighMediumLow Power Consumption (Battery life) Very lowHighLow Wireless Standard Comparison

7. XBee 802.15.4 RF Modules http://www.digi.com/products/wireless-wired-embedded-solutions/zigbee-rf-modules

8. XBee 802.15.4 RF Modules Ideal for low-power, low-cost applications XBee-PRO modules are power-amplified versions Fully interoperable with other XBee products

9. XBee vs XBee-PRO http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf SpecificationXBeeXBee - Pro Indoor/Urban RangeUp to 30 mUp to 90 m Outdoor RF line-of-sight Range Up to 90 mUp to 1600 m Transmit Power Output ( software selectable ) 1mW63mW RF Data Rate250,000 bps Serial Interface Data Rate (software selectable ) 1200 bps - 250 kbps

10. http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf Power RequirementsXBeeXBee-PRO Supply Voltage2.8-3.4 V Transmit Current(typical) 45mA(@3.3V)250mA(@3.3 V) Idle/Receive Current(typical) 50mA(@3.3 V)55mA(@3.3 V) Power-down Current< 10 uA XBee vs XBee-PRO

11. Why X b ee over bluetooth Multi-point networks Low power in specific conmunicaiton scenarios

12. XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module XBee $23 Baud rate speeds: 1200bps - 250 Kbps Indoor/Urban: up to 30m outdoor line-of-sight: up to 90m 1 mW (0dBm) transmitter power output 1 mW (0dBm) receive sensitivity Bluetooth SMD RN-41 $25 Baud rate speeds: 1200bps up to 921Kbps Class 1 radio, 100m distance 15dBm transmitter power output -80dBm receive sensitivity

13. XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module http://www.rovingnetworks.com/files/resources/Bluetooth-RN-41-DS.pdf ModuleXBee(3.3Typ.)Bluetooth SMD(3.3Typ.) Supply Voltage2.8-3.4 V3.0-3.6 V Transmit Current35 mA normal mode 45 mA boost mode 65mA(100mA Max.) Receive current50 mA35mA(60mA Max.) Power-down sleep current <10 µA25mA default settings 2.5mA deep sleep Connected current50 mA30mA normal mode 8mA lower power sniff

14. XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module Scenario 1: AAA Alkaline battery (1200 mAh) as power supply Normal mode and default settings Transit 1%, receive 1%, connected 3% ， sleep 95% XBee: 1200 * 2 / (35 * 0.01 + 50 * 00.1 + 50 * 0.03 + 0.01 * 0.95) = 1017 h Bluetooth SMD: 1200 * 2 / (65 * 0.01 + 35 * 0.01 + 30 * 0.03 + 25 * 0.95) = 94h

15. XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module Scenario 2: AAA Alkaline battery (1200 mAh) as power supply Normal mode and default settings Transit 1%, receive 1%, connected 95% ， sleep 3% XBee: 1200 * 2 / (35 * 0.01 + 50 * 0.01 + 50 * 0.95 + 0.01 * 0.3) = 50 h Bluetooth SMD: 1200 * 2 / (65 * 0.01 + 35 * 0.01 + 30 * 0.95 + 25 * 0.3) = 65 h

16. XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module http://www.rovingnetworks.com/files/resources/Bluetooth-RN-41-DS.pdf ModuleXBee(3.3Typ.)Bluetooth SMD(3.3Typ.) Supply Voltage2.8-3.4 V3.0-3.6 V Transmit Current35 mA normal mode 45 mA boost mode 65mA(100mA Max.) Receive current50 mA35mA(60mA Max.) Power-down sleep current <10 µA25mA default settings 2.5mA deep sleep Connected current50 mA30mA normal mode 8mA lower power sniff

17. Easy to use http://www.cooking-hacks.com/index.php/blog/tutorial-arduino-deluxe-pack Mount into a receptacle Free X-CTU Software

18. XBee and GPS with Arduino UNO http://www.cooking-hacks.com/index.php/blog/tutorial-arduino-deluxe-pack Read the data from the GPS module and transmit it through the XBee 802.15.4.

19. 19 ZigBee Applications TELECOM SERVICES m-commerce info services object interaction (Internet of Things) ZigBee Wireless Control that Simply Works HOME CONTROL TV VCR DVD/CD remote security HVAC lighting control access control irrigation PC & PERIPHERALS INDUSTRIAL CONTROL asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt PERSONAL HEALTH CARE security HVAC AMR lighting control access control mouse keyboard joystick patient monitoring fitness monitoring

21. Application 1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation

22. Chronic Disease Monitoring From ZigBee Alliance, health care white paper. https://docs.zigbee.org/zigbee-docs/dcn/09-4962.pdf

23. Application 1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation

24. Multipoint Remote Control

25. Compare with infrared-based (IR) remote controls Longer Battery Life Wider Range Better Interference Better Compatibility Higher Price Lower Data Rate

26. Application 1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation

27. Telecom Services

28. Application 1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation

30. Slide 30 Home Automation Home Heartbeat

31. Conclusion Low power, low range, low cost wireless protocol Uses DSSS and addressing to network Xbee and Xbee-pro Xbee vs Bluetooth modules Particularly suited for: Many to Many Extremely low power burst

32. References http://www.zigbee.org/Standards/Overview.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigbee http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.15.4 http//www.zigbee.org/ http://zone.ni.com/ http://www.digi.com/products/wireless-wired- embedded-solutions/zigbee-rf-modules/point- multipoint-rfmodules/xbee-series1- module#overview

33. Question?