1. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 1 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Fluidized Bed Systems and Refinery Technology Research Group Fluidized Bed Systems and Refinery Technology Contact: alexander.reichhold@tuwien.ac.at

2. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 2 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Bio-FCC Catalytic Cracking of vegetable oils to hydrocarbons in a continuous FCC-pilot plant

3. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 3 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Importance of Biofuels Mid and long term:  Limited supply of crude oil  CO 2 -accumulation in the atmosphere due to open carbon cycles Immediately (short term):  Autarky efforts of European Union  EU-directive 2009/28: Blending of conventional fuels with up to 10% biofuels by 2020

4. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 4 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Historic Development  Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking  Due to the production of more gasoline with a higher octane rating thermal cracking was replaced by catalytic cracking  Most important conversion process used in petroleum refineries  Conversion of high boiling hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils to more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases and other products  Adaption of the FCC-process for the use of vegetable-oils

5. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 5 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering FCC Pilot Plant

6. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 6 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Advanced FCC Pilot Plant

7. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 7 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Improvements  Thermal decoupling by the implementation of a catalyst cooler  Enlargement of the regenerator diameter  Adjustability of the catalyst – oil ratio  Catalyst sampling during operation

8. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 8 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Products Crack gas Gasoline LCO + Residue Water Coke Conversion Gas Fraction Gas Chromatography C 1 - C 4 Liquid Fraction Gas Chromatography (SimDist) Gasoline (FBP 215°C) LCO (215°C - 350°C) + Residue (IBP 350°C) Water (IBP 100°C) (add. Bio Oil to VGO) Solid Fraction Coke (polyaromates)

9. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 9 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Productspectrum

10. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 10 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Typical Gasoline Fraction

11. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 11 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Typical Gas Fraction

12. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 12 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Further Research  Reactor design  Process design / modeling  Process optimization  Alternative feeds (liquid / solid)  Catalyst tests  Plant optimization

13. Institute of Chemical Engineering page 13 Achema 2012 Chemical Process Engineering Contact For further information please contact: Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Alexander REICHHOLD Email: alexander.reichhold@tuwien.ac.atalexander.reichhold@tuwien.ac.at Tel.: +43 1 58801 166 302 DI Alexander WEINERT Email: alexander.weinert@tuwien.ac.atalexander.weinert@tuwien.ac.at Tel.: +43 1 58801 166 328 DI Mark BERCHTOLD Email: mark.berchtold@tuwien.ac.atmark.berchtold@tuwien.ac.at Tel.: +43 1 58801 166 327 FAX:+43 1 58801 166 99 Web: http://www.vt.tuwien.ac.at