1. Sep 8 Fall 05 Medical Data Patient Data Clinical Data Healthcare Data Biomedical Data

2. Sep 8 Fall 05 Medical Data Collecting data and interpreting them is central to healthcare delivery Data is needed for decision making Data needed to collect additional data

3. Sep 8 Fall 05 Nature of Medical Data A patient’s temperature –A single value such as 100.4 F Blood pressure measurement –Systolic and Diastolic –Entered as 110/76 ECG recording Chest radiograph

4. Sep 8 Fall 05 ECG

5. Sep 8 Fall 05 Chest X-ray

6. Sep 8 Fall 05 Chest X-ray…

7. Sep 8 Fall 05 Chest X-ray…

8. Sep 8 Fall 05 A Single Data Point (Datum) Defined by four elements –The particular patient –The observed parameter –The value of the parameter –Time of observation

9. Sep 8 Fall 05 Uncertainty in Data Unreliable history given by patient Physician listening to the heart of an anemic child Chest radiograph showing artifacts

10. Sep 8 Fall 05 Types of Medical Data Numerical data Textual data Recorded signals –ECG –EEG Drawings Photographs Sequence Data

11. Sep 8 Fall 05 Drawings Firm, non tenderSoft, tender

12. Sep 8 Fall 05 Uses of Medical Data The traditional paper record has worked reasonably well to support proper care of individual patients But clinical research across populations of patients is problematic

13. Sep 8 Fall 05 Concept of Historical Record Patient history Symptoms Signs Lab results Radiological and other special investigations Diagnosis Treatment including rationale

14. Sep 8 Fall 05 Uses of Medical Data… Support communication among providers Anticipate future health problems Recording of standard preventive measures Identify deviations from expected trends Provide a legal record Support clinical research

15. Sep 8 Fall 05 Categories of Data for Clinical Research Observational data –Data routinely collected –Passive –Retrospective studies Experimental data –Data from randomized controlled trials –Manipulation of one or more variables in a controlled setting –Prospective studies

16. Sep 8 Fall 05 Sensitivity and Specificity True PositivesTrue Negatives Predicted +85 Predicted -285

17. Sep 8 Fall 05 Questions??