1. IE 429, Parisay, January 2003 Review of Probability and Statistics: Experiment outcome: constant, random variable Random variable: discrete, continuous Sampling: size, randomness, replication Data summary: mean, variance (standard deviation), median, mode Histogram: how to draw, effect of cell size Probability distribution: how to draw, mass function, density function

2. Review of Probability and Statistics (cont): Relationship of histogram and probability distribution Cumulative probability function: discrete and continuous Standard distributions: parameters, other specifications Read Appendix C and D IE 429, Parisay, January 2003

3. Review of Queuing Theory : Basic queuing system M/M/1 Simulation of the M/M/1 system Comparison of output from four situations Performance measures for queuing system: server utilization, waiting time in line, waiting time in system, number in line, number in system, max number in line, probability that a customer waits in line more than x unit of time, probability that a customer has to wait, probability that system is empty

4. 4 Analysis Options Educated guessing Queuing theory –Requires additional assumptions about the model –Popular, simple model: M/M/1 queue Interarrival times ~ exponential Service times ~ exponential, indep. of interarrivals E(service) < E(interarrival) Steady-state (long-run, forever) –Problems: validity, estimating means, time frame –Often useful as first-cut approximation Source: Systems Modeling Co.

5. Lq = average number of customers in line Ls = average number of customers in server L = average number of customers in system Wq = average waiting time in line Ws = average waiting time in server, service time W = average waiting time in system = number of customers being served per unit of time, service rate = number of customers arriving to the system per unit of time, arrival rate = server utilization (traffic intensity)

6. Analysis of Basic Queuing System 2. Based on the theoretical M/M/1 IE 429, March 99