1. Sickle-Cell Anemia Homozygous Dominant (HbA, HbA) – normal hemoglobin Homozygous Recessive (HbS, HbS) – abnormal hemoglobin Heterozygous (Hb A, Hb S) – normal and abnormal hemoglobin – normal hemoglobin more abundant Note: Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells carrying oxygen.

2. Clinical Signs and Symptoms Pain crises Acute chest syndrome (a life- threatening pneumonia-like illness) Cerebrovascular accidents Splenic and renal dysfunction Chronic anemia Susceptibility to infections

3. Malaria and Sickle-Cell Anemia Map