2. The Evolution of English A talk by David Evans

3. Vegetarians Humanitarians

4. Olive oil Baby oil

5. The film was wicked!

8. How languages evolve 1.Novelty

10. Old words, new meanings Crash Net Mouse Apple Keyboard

11. New words Phishing Blog Satnav Wiki

12. New words Phishing Blog Satnav Wiki

13. New words Phishing Blog Satnav Wiki

14. New words Phishing Blog Satnav Wiki

15. New words Phishing Blog Satnav Wiki Neologism Abbreviation Blended word Hawaiian

16. Sources of hi tech words Neologisms Abbreviations Blended words Compound words Acronyms Initialisms Phishing Blog Satnav Keypad Laser PC

17. Blended or compound words? Netiquette Hypertext Emoticon Cyberspace Internet + etiquette Hyper + text Emotion + icon Cyber + space

18. Acronym or initialism? Wysiwyg FAQ RAM CD-ROM Jpeg What you see is what you get Frequently asked questions Random access memory Compact Disc read only memory Joint photographic experts group

19. How languages evolve 1.Novelty 2.New technologies and trends 3.Erosion

20. Erosion I’ll be seeing you. Be seeing you. See you. See you later. Later. La’er.

21. I’m going to see you tomorrow because we’re both going to the same meeting. I’m gonna see you tomorrow because we’re both going to the same meeting.

22. How languages evolve 1.Novelty 2.New technologies and trends 3.Erosion 4.Analogy

23. floccinaucinihilipilification The categorising of something as worthless or trivial

24. floccinaucinihilipilificational Pertaining to the categorising of something as worthless or trivial

25. floccinaucinihilipilificationalise To cause something to pertain to the categorising of something as worthless or trivial

26. Word formation Noun  Adjective  Adjective +al Verb +ise

27. Noun - verb cycles Compute Computer Computerise Computerisation

28. 164 irregular verbs + sneak

29. 164 irregular verbs + sneak- snuck dive

30. 164 irregular verbs + sneak- snuck dive-dove drag

31. 164 irregular verbs + sneak- snuck dive-dove drag-drug

32. Analogies sneak - snuck (strike - struck) dive - dove drag - drug

33. Analogies sneak - snuck (strike - struck) dive - dove (drive - drove) drag - drug

34. Analogies sneak - snuck (strike - struck) dive - dove (drive - drove) drag - drug (dig - dug)

35. How languages evolve 1.Novelty 2.New technologies and trends 3.Erosion 4.Analogy 5.Symbolism

36. Onomatopoeia

37. Guess the creature Ngeong (Indonesian) Ngiau (Malay) Tlatzomia (Nahuatl, Mexico)

38. Guess the creature Kwaak kwaak (Afrikaans) Krooks krooks (Estonian) Korekorekore (Munduruku, Brazil) Berp (Argentinian Spanish)

39. Guess the creature Zoem zoem (Afrikaans) Bhonbhon (Bengali) Bunbun (Japanese) Wing wing (Korean)

40. Match the sounds Ata-ata (Rapa Nui, Easter Island) Kekek-kekek (Malay) Ringongo (Kiribati, Pacific) Yuyurungul (Yindiny, Australia) Zonk zonk (Turkish) To throb To snore To laugh To giggle The noise of a snake slithering through the grass

41. Match the sounds Ata-ata (Rapa Nui, Easter Island) Kekek-kekek (Malay) Ringongo (Kiribati, Pacific) Yuyurungul (Yindiny, Australia) Zonk zonk (Turkish) To laugh To giggle To snore A snake slithering through the grass To throb

42. Kiki and Bouba

43. Maluma and Takete

44. Sound symbolism The sound [i] is associated with the small as it is made by using the tongue to create the smallest cavity in the mouth, while [u o a] are associated with large things as they are produced using a lowered tongue and larger mouth cavity. [Otto Jespersen]

45. Phonesthesia Families of words that share sounds and meanings

46. Phonesthesia: ‘sn…’ sneeze, sniff, sniffle, snore, snot, snout, snuff, snuffle sneer, snicker, snide, snob, snooty, snotty

47. Phonesthesia: ‘gl…’ glare, gleam, glimmer, glimpse, glint, glisten, glitter, gloss, glow New word: glitzy

48. Phonesthesia: ‘gr…’ grisly, gristly, grubby, grotesque, grotty, gruesome New words: grunge, grungy

49. How languages evolve 1.Novelty 2.New technologies and trends 3.Erosion 4.Analogy 5.Symbolism

50. The Evolution of English A talk by David Evans. April 2009

51. Word Origins Alcohol Banjo Jumbo Pundit Vampire Arabic Bantu Swahili Hindi Serbo-Croat

52. Impact on English Acceptance of non-standard accents Simplified vocabulary and grammar Greater influence of other ‘Englishes’

53. Expansion of English English introduced at primary level (China 2001) Bilingual models (Finland, Netherlands, Singapore) Second official language (Chile, Mongolia)

54. Hinglish Life ho to aisi (Coca Cola) Life should be like this

55. Hinglish Life ho to aisi (Coca Cola) Hungry kya? (Domino’s Pizza) Life should be like this

56. Hinglish Life ho to aisi (Coca Cola) Hungry kya? (Domino’s Pizza) Life should be like this Are you hungry?

57. Hinglish Life ho to aisi (Coca Cola) Hungry kya? (Domino’s Pizza) What your bahana is? (McDonalds) Life should be like this Are you hungry?

58. Hinglish Life ho to aisi (Coca Cola) Hungry kya? (Domino’s Pizza) What your bahana is? (McDonalds) Life should be like this Are you hungry? What’s your excuse?

59. How languages evolve 1.Novelty 2.New technologies and trends 3.Erosion 4.Analogy 5.Symbolism 6.Contact with other languages

60. Lexical gaps The current decade Unmarried heterosexual partners Gender-neutral third person pronoun (to replace he or she) Adult children A collective noun for nephews and nieces

61. The Welsh puzzle

62. 22% Welsh population speak Welsh (611,000)

63. Words of Welsh origin bard, booth, corgi, crag, druid, flannel,flummery, penguin, pout, whelk

64. Innit?

65. -ess

66. phil

67. fract

68. loqu

69. iatr

70. clin

71. The film was sick!