1. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL 1 All About Greenroads

2. What is the Greenroads performance metric? A performance metric for roadway design and construction that awards points for more sustainable practices. Greenroads helps quantify the sustainable attributes of a roadway project. Who is developing Greenroads? Greenroads is being developed jointly by the University of Washington (UW) and CH2M HILL. Importantly, although UW and CH2M HILL are developing this system, the brand associated with any pilot project or rated project will only be the Greenroads brand. Sasobit Warm Mix Asphalt I-90 near George, WA 23 June 2008

3. What can Greenroads do? Define what project attributes contribute to roadway sustainability. Provide a sustainability accounting tool for roadway projects. Communicate sustainable project attributes to stakeholders. Manage and improve roadway sustainability. Stimulate the market for sustainable practices and products Save money Overall goal: improve roadway sustainability Sasobit Warm Mix Asphalt I-90 near George, WA 23 June 2008

4. Greenroads is a project-oriented system It does not deal with planning and it does not deal with operations. Quiet Pavement SR 520 Near Bellevue, WA 14 July 2007 Planning Design & Construction Operation

5. What we mean by “sustainability”

6. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL Sustainability is a system characteristic which refers to the system’s capacity to support natural laws & human values. 6 Natural laws = Ecology Rule: Don’t break the earth How we do this: 1.Do not take stuff out of the earth faster than it will go back in. 2.Do not produce stuff (e.g., pollution) faster than it can be broken down and integrated back into nature. 3.Do not diminish nature’s productivity or diversity or we will affect nature’s ability to process stuff that we create or use. Human values = equity and economy Equity rule: Seek quality of life for all Economy rule: Manage resources wisely Resources = human, natural, manufactured and financial capital

7. So what does a more sustainable roadway look like?

8. 8 long-lasting pavement natural cut slope quality construction life cycle cost analysis recycled materials env. mgmt. sys. LID stormwater scenic views warm mix asphalt local material

9. regional material bus rapid transit recycled materials ped./bicycle access fewer emissions CSS art quality construction LID stormwater native vegetation

10. 10 warm mix asphalt noise mitigation plan worker training quality construction reduced paving emissions ISO certifications EPA Tier 4 standards biofuels

11. The Greenroads performance metric

12. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL Greenroads Categories (Version 1.0) CategoryDescriptionPoints Project Requirements Minimum requirements for a Greenroad Req Environment & Water Stormwater, habitat, vegetation 21 Access & Equity Modal access, culture, aesthetics, safety 30 Construction Activities Construction equipment, quality, use 14 Materials & Resources Material extraction, processing, transport 23 Pavement Technology Pavement design, material use, function 20 Total Voluntary Credit Points108 Custom Credits Write your own credit for approval 10 Grand Total118 12

13. An example of a Voluntary Credit: Recycling

14. 14 Voluntary CreditPointsDescription MR-1Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 2 Conduct a detailed LCA of the entire project MR-2Pavement Reuse 5 Reuse existing pavement sections MR-3Earthwork Balance 1 Balance cut/fill quantities MR-4 Recycled Materials5 Use recycled materials for new pavement MR-5Regional Materials 5 Use regional materials MR-6Energy Efficiency 5 Improve energy eff. of operational systems Total23 Materials & Resources

15. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL We have done well recycling hot mix asphalt and portland cement concrete as part of road construction. 15 Asphalt and Concrete Recycled 1999 to 2004 HMA/PCC recycling = 30% of diverted waste Graph from Washington State Department of Ecology data Waste in Washington State

16. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL We can do better. We can reduce the amount to landfills, and increase the amount to high-value surfacings. 16 Destination of Recovered HMADestination of Recovered PCC Data from the USGS

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18. 18 Voluntary CreditPointsDescription AE-1Safety Audit2 Perform roadway safety audit AE-2ITS5 Implement ITS solutions AE-3Context Sensitive Planning5 Plan for context sensitive solutions AE-4Traffic Emissions Reduction5 Reduce VMT or SOV travelers AE-5Pedestrian Access2 Provide/improve pedestrian accessibility AE-6Bicycle Access2 Provide/improve bicycle accessibility AE-7Transit/HOV Access5 Provide/improve transit/HOV accessibility AE-8Scenic Views2 Provide views of scenery or vistas AE-9Cultural Outreach2 Promote art/culture/community values Total30 Access & Equity

19. Seattle-to-Bremerton ferry tunnel, Bremerton end. Do we, as humans, NEED art?

20. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL An ethnological view would say that art has value and can contribute to sustainability. From the work of Ellen Dissanayake (Affiliate Professor, School of Music, University of Washington) 1.Art is the ability to “make special.” Art recognizes or confers ‘specialness,’ a level or order different from everyday. Equally important is the behavior of appreciating that some things are special. These ideas are fundamental and universal. 2.The behavior of art is a common behavior to all human beings, not just artists. It’s important to note that “art” does not mean “good art.” 3.Art has selective value, i.e., in some way it enhances the survival of the species. Art would not exist universally if it did not have selective value. It’s not, as the modern view goes “for its own sake” (i.e., no practical value). 4.Art is valuable because it gives meaning and embellishes life. As humans, we simply cannot bear senselessness or lack of meaning. Dissanayake, E. (1980). Art as a Human Behavior: Toward an Ethological View of Art. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 38(4), 397-406. Read it at: http://ellendissanayake.com/publications/pdf/EllenDissanayake_5624714.pdfhttp://ellendissanayake.com/publications/pdf/EllenDissanayake_5624714.pdf

21. Example: art included in wall fascia Art incorporated into the fascia for an I-5 freeway wall associated with an expansion project on I-5 near its intersection with SR 16 in Tacoma, WA.

22. Under the freeway at the intersection of I-10 and US 54 Photo from “bobb” Picasa web album

23. Road wall art at Marigold Elementary School, City of Chico, CA Lead artist: Meridith L. Timpson Native fish mosaic artists: Robin Indar and Christen Derr

24. Caigieburn Bypass, Hume Highway, Melbourne, Australia Taylor Cullity Lethlean and Robert Owen

25. James Angus: Ellipsoidal Freeway Sculpture (2008) Eastlink freeway: Nunawading to Frankston, Melbourne

26. Yellowstone East Entrance project

28. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL Certification Levels 28 32-42 points 43-54 points55-63 points64+ points PR + 30% VCPR + 40% VCPR + 50% VCPR + 60% VC Version 1.0: 108 Voluntary Credit Points

29. Why bother?

30. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL Why bother with a performance metric? More sustainable roads Specific benefits: –Defines basic roadway sustainability attributes –Greater participation in roadway sustainability –Better evaluation of tradeoffs and decisions –Provide means for sustainability assessment –Allows innovation because it is end-result oriented –Confer marketable recognition on projects 30

31. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL What makes a roadway more/less sustainable and how do you translate these qualities into actionable items on your project? A Convenient List Researched and backed with empirical evidence Weighted based on impact Each item is directly actionable on a project level Each item referenced to sustainability components 31

32. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL If improving sustainability is an agency/company goal, how do you assess your performance? 32 City of Seattle: Sustainable Building Policy All City construction projects over 5,000 ft 2 must meet LEED Silver rating level. LEED Pilot program provides small grants to help. King County Highest LEED level achievable based on life-cycle cost analysis and funding. Applies to all new construction and renovation over $250,000. Washington State All State funded projects over 5,000 ft 2 have a goal of LEED silver. Some examples from LEED:

33. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL If improving sustainability is an agency/company goal, how do you assess your performance? 33 Honolulu (Ordinance #06-06 and Bill #69) since 2006 New city facilities over 5,000 ft 2 must achieve LEED Silver. 1 year exemption from real property taxes on buildings achieving LEED Certification. Maui County Energy efficiency and conservation working group recommends requiring LEED Certification for all new County facilities. Chair Robert Hoonan from the Grand Wailea Resort Hotel and Spa. Hawaii (HB #2175) All State agency buildings over 5,000 ft 2 must attain LEED Silver certification. Priority permit processing for all construction going for LEED Silver or higher. Some examples from LEED:

34. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL If improving sustainability is an agency/company goal, how do you assess your performance? 34 Phoenix All new municipal buildings to be LEED certified (2005). City Building Standards revised to include additional efficiency measures, requiring LEED AP to be on design team. Scottsdale (Resolution #6644) All new city buildings of any size to achieve LEED Gold and strive for highest certification level. First City in U.S. to have Gold policy. Arizona (Executive Order #2005-05) All State funded buildings must achieve LEED silver. Also includes mandatory use of renewable energy. Some examples from LEED:

35. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL How should a road agency view Greenroads? It addresses your big impact items, including construction. 35 Operating expenditures$1.4 billion Highways $1.08 billion Support services $0.30 billion Capital expenditures$4.4 billion Highways $3.88 billion Ferries $0.28 billion Rail $0.10 billion Local Programs $0.13 billion Total$5.8 billion An example: WSDOT’s 2009-2011 budget Washington has a LEED requirement Of this budget, $4.8 million (0.08%) is dedicated to “buildings and other support facilities” that could be addressed by this requirement. There is no roadway metric Of this budget, $4.38 billion (75%) could be addressed by Greenroads. How do you communicate what you are doing in your impact areas? Stories are not enough.

36. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL Why should a contractor care? Because there is money to be made. 36 From the Turner Construction website: “Turner has extensive experience across a wide variety of sustainable construction projects, enabling us to create a detailed databank of cost- effective Green materials, processes and suppliers to assist our clients. From our experience, the costs associated with these projects can be contained to a level comparable to traditionally constructed buildings.” Green projects are: 30% of 2008 revenue 40% of backlog 50% of new sales One example…

37. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL Roads should be on the sustainability map. Right now they are not. 37 Quick Statistics $38.69 billion 2008 revenue Up 70% from 2007 26.2% of total revenue Tulacz, G. (2009). The Top 100 Green Contractors, ENR, 14 September 2009.

38. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL Greenroads right now… (29 April 2015) Who are the developers? –University of Washington and CH2M HILL Who is funding Greenroads so far? –TransNow (DOT Region 10 University Transportation Center) –State Pavement Technology Consortium (WA, CA, MN, TX) –Western Federal Lands Highway Division (FLHD) –Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) What is the status right now? –Online: www.greenroads.uswww.greenroads.us –Version 1.0 is available for download now Want to review and comment on Greenroads? –Contact us now through www.greenroads.uswww.greenroads.us Want to participate in Greenroads as a pilot project? –Contact us now at www.greenroads.uswww.greenroads.us 38

39. Sustainability is the next great game in transportation. The game becomes serious when you keep score. Greenroads keeps score.

40. 40 RequirementDescription PR-1Environmental Review Process Complete and environmental review process PR-2Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Perform LCCA for pavement section PR-3Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Perform LCI of pavement section with computer tool PR-4Quality Control Plan Have a formal contractor quality control plan PR-5Noise Mitigation Plan Have a construction noise mitigation plan PR-6Waste Management Plan Have a formal plan to divert C&D waste from landfill PR-7Pollution Prevention Plan Have a TESC/SWPPP PR-8Low-Impact Development (LID) Feasibility study for LID stormwater management PR-9Pavement Mgmt. System Have a pavement management system PR-10Site Maintenance Plan Have a site maintenance plan PR-11Educational Outreach Publicize sustainability information for project Project Requirements

41. 41 Voluntary CreditPointsDescription EW-1Environmental Mgmt. Sys.2 ISO 14001 or eq. cert. for general contractor EW-2 Runoff Flow Control 3 Capture stormwater/reduce runoff quantity EW-3 Runoff Quality 3 Treat stormwater to a higher level of quality EW-4 Stormwater Cost Analysis 1 Conduct an LCCA for stormwater BMP/LID EW-5 Site Vegetation 3 Use native low/no water vegetation EW-6 Habitat Restoration 3 Create new habitat beyond what is required EW-7 Ecological Connectivity 3 Connect habitat across roadways EW-8 Light Pollution 3 Discourage light pollution Total21 Environment & Water

42. 42 Voluntary CreditPointsDescription AE-1Safety Audit2 Perform roadway safety audit AE-2ITS5 Implement ITS solutions AE-3Context Sensitive Planning5 Plan for context sensitive solutions AE-4Traffic Emissions Reduction5 Reduce VMT or SOV travelers AE-5Pedestrian Access2 Provide/improve pedestrian accessibility AE-6Bicycle Access2 Provide/improve bicycle accessibility AE-7Transit/HOV Access5 Provide/improve transit/HOV accessibility AE-8Scenic Views2 Provide views of scenery or vistas AE-9Cultural Outreach2 Promote art/culture/community values Total30 Access & Equity

43. 43 Voluntary CreditPointsDescription CA-1Quality Management System2 ISO 9001 cert. or eq. for general contractor CA-2Environmental Training1 Provide environmental training CA-3Site Recycling Plan1 On-site recycling and trash collection CA-4Fossil Fuel Use Reduction2 Use alt. fuels in construction equipment CA-5Eqpt. Emission Reduction2 Meet EPA Tier 4 stds. for nonroad equipment CA-6Paver Emission Reduction1 Use pavers that meet NIOSH requirements CA-7Water Use Tracking2 Develop data on water use in construction CA-8Contractor Warranty3 Warranty on the constructed pavement Total14 Construction Activities

44. 44 Voluntary CreditPointsDescription MR-1Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 2 Conduct a detailed LCA of the entire project MR-2Pavement Reuse 5 Reuse existing pavement sections MR-3Earthwork Balance 1 Balance cut/fill quantities MR-4 Recycled Materials5 Use recycled materials for new pavement MR-5Regional Materials 5 Use regional materials MR-6Energy Efficiency 5 Improve energy eff. of operational systems Total23 Materials & Resources

45. 45 Voluntary CreditPointsDescription PT-1Long-Life Pavement5 Design pavements for long-life PT-2Permeable Pavement3 Use permeable pavement as a LID technique PT-3Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA)3 Use WMA in place of HMA PT-4Cool Pavement5 Contribute less to urban heat island effect PT-5Quiet Pavement3 Use a quiet pavement to reduce noise PT-6Pvmt. Performance Tracking1 Relate construction to performance data Total20 Pavement Technologies

46. © 2010 University of Washington and CH2M HILL 46