1. Survey on body area network姜升

2. Structure BAN Sensor devices Communication technology PHY
Network and MAC
Energy
Application

3. BAN
A body area network (BAN) is a wireless network of wearable computing devices. The network consists of several miniaturized body sensor units together with a single body central unit.

4. BAN Deployment Data rate Mobility BAN WSN Deployment
BAN does not employ redundant nodes, and only added when they are needed.
WSN is often deployed in places that may not be easily accessible by operators which require more nodes to be placed to compensate for node failures.
Data rate
BAN may occur in a more periodic manner and stable data rate.
Most WSNs are employed for event-based monitoring where events can happen at irregular intervals.
Mobility
BAN users may move around, so that the nodes share the same mobility pattern.
WSN nodes are usually considered stationary.

5. Sensor devices Inertial motion unit (Accelerometer and Gyroscope)
Blood glucose
Blood pressure
CO2 gas sensor
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Blood oxygen
Electromyography (EMG)
Humidity and temperature sensors

6. Communication technology
UWB (Ultra wideband)
Zigbee
Bluetooth
Technology
Frequency band
Data rate (b/s)
Coverage distance
Network topology
UWB
3.1~10.6GHz
480M
<10
star
Zigbee
2.4GHz
250K
30~100
Star/mesh
Bluetooth 1M 10

7. PHY
Studies focus on characteristics of the signal propagation: around the body (LOS/NLOS)/inside the body
Factors affecting the signal propagation
Location of the BAN user
Location of the sensor node
Current activity of the human body

8. PHY
Measurement
Radio signals are generated in the network analyzer, input in the body through the TX, received in the RX and evaluated in the network analyzer.

9. PHY Characteristics of signal propagation LOS NLOS
It is found that the increase of distance between TX and RX causes an increase of the path loss
The dominant propagation path is the direct wave
In classroom, the power of reflected waves exceeded that of the direct wave for the lower body
NLOS
The propagation wave is more likely to diffract around the human body rather than to pass through it
The dominant path is reflected wave in classroom is reflected wave.

10. PHY
The difference between body shapes (i.e. male, female and child) are at least as large as the impact of a patient's arm movements.
In the body
Signals propagating in the body are attenuated mainly due to absorption of power in the tissue. The path loss is much higher than the free space propagation.
the frequency bands between 200MHz to 600MHz are suitable in the range from 0 to 3GHz.
In frequency range of 3-11 GHz, The signal attenuation in the body increases when the frequency increases. Human body has a good response to signal transportation in the bands between 3-5 GHz.

11. Network and MAC
Network
DTN routing/probabilistic routing

12. Network and MAC MAC Scheduling based Contention based
Scheduling based MAC
Contention basted MAC
Power consumption
Low
high
Bandwidth utilization
Maximum
low
Transmission efficiency
High

13. Network and MAC
MAC
Most current MAC protocols specifically developed for BAN are based on IEEE , as most of the radios used in WBANs are based on IEEE compliant chip set.

14. Energy Energy consumption Approach Sensing Communication
Data processing
Approach
Turn on/off the radio periodically
Reducing idle listening/contention/overhearing

15. Energy MAC Network topology Approach BSN-MAC TDMA/CSMA mixed
Network topology
Approach
BSN-MAC
TDMA/CSMA mixed
Star topology
The coordinator utilizing the priority of the nodes to make adjustment
H-MAC
TDMA based
Exploiting heartbeat rhythm information to perform time synchronization
CICADA
Tree topology
Setting up a network tree for data gathering and communication using distributed slot assignment
Omeni
Using master-slave approach and assigning an extra slot to the node for direct communication at alarming time

16. Energy Protocol Network topology Approach Anybody Mesh
Using clustering to reduce the number of direct transmissions to the remote base station

17. Application

18. Application Training Health monitoring Positioning
Particle filtering/Kalman filtering/range free/ML/LS/DV-hop
Application
Scenario
Feedback
Training
Dance/golf/swimming/football/physical rehabilitation
Guidance
Health monitoring
Remote health monitoring/falling detection
Physical information and alarming
Positioning
Location

19. Thanks!