1. Bloodborne /Airborne Pathogen
Black Mountain
Fire Department
Bloodborne /Airborne Pathogen
Training

2. What are Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne Pathogens are disease-causing micro-organisms present in blood, such as bacteria or viruses, that can cause disease in humans
May be transmitted from one individual to another through exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials

3. You can be exposed if:
Your skin or mucous membranes come into direct contact with blood, body fluids or other potentially infectious materials
Your skin or mucous membranes come into direct contact with items or surfaces that have been contaminated
You stick yourself with a contaminated needle or bitten by affected person

4. Definitions
Exposure Incident -Occurs when an individual comes in contact with blood or other bodily fluids to which universal precautions apply, through percutaneous inoculation (needle stick), contact with an open wound, non- intact skin, and/or mucous membrane.

5. What is the Standard ?
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration, under the Department of Labor. North Carolina is an OSHA state and performs its own inspections.

6. Hepatitis
Hepatitis A (HAV)
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)

7. Hepatitis A (HAV)
Hepatitis A is found in the stool (poop) of persons with hepatitis A.
Hepatitis A is spread from person to person by putting anything in the mouth that has been contaminated with the stool of a person with hepatitis A.
Casual contact as in the usual office, work, or school setting, does not spread the virus.

8. Who is Likely to Get HAV
Persons who share a household or have sexual contact with someone who has HAV
Persons who use street drugs
Children and employees in child care centers (especially centers that have children in diapers) where a child or an employee has hepatitis A.
Unsanitary practices in food services.

9. Hepatitis A Prevention
Thorough hand washing
Hepatitis A vaccines provide long term protection.
Immuno Globulin: Must be given within two weeks of exposure to HAV in order to work.

10. Spread of Hepatitis Viral Infection
Takes 2 to 6 months before infected individual feels or looks sick
Individual my be infected and never get sick, but can infect others
Can cause lingering active hepatitis, liver damage, liver cancer and death

11. Signs/Symptoms of Hepatitis A
Flu - like symptoms
Loss of Appetite
Fever
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
Stomach ache
Jaundice ( yellow skin tone)
Darkened Urine

12. LONG-TERM EFFECTS There is no chronic (long-term) infection.
Once you have had hepatitis A you cannot get it again.
About 15% of people infected with HAV will have prolonged or relapsing symptoms over a 6-9 month period.

13. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Occurs when blood or body fluid from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not infected .
Can be prevented by Vaccine.
Hepatitis B is NOT spread through food or water, sharing eating utensils, breastfeeding, hugging, kissing, coughing, sneezing or by casual contact.

14. Signs/Symptoms of Hepatitis B
Flu - like symptoms
Loss of Appetite
Fever
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
Stomach ache
Jaundice ( yellow skin tone)
Liver inflamation

15. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Occurs when blood from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not infected.
HCV is spread through sharing needles or "works" when "shooting" drugs, through needlesticks or sharps exposures on the job, or from an infected mother to her baby during birth.

16. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
80% of persons have no signs or symptoms
Chronic infection: 55%-85% of infected persons
Chronic liver disease: 70% of chronically infected persons
Deaths from chronic liver disease: 1%-5% of infected persons may die

17. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
There is no vaccine/treatment to prevent hepatitis C.

18. HIV Incurable Viral Infection
Can take up to 10 years before infected person feels or looks sick
Infected person who has no symptoms can infect others
HIV infection causes: AIDS, Infections and Cancers
Occurs when blood or body fluid from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not infected .

19. Symptoms of HIV Flu-like symptoms Constant fatigue Fever
Sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in neck and upper arm region
Loss of appetite, weight loss
Diarrhea

20. Characteristics of HBV and HIV
Transmission CAN NOT occur through
– Eating Food prepared by an infected person
– Drinking Fountains
– Toilet Seats
– Telephones
– Insect bites
– Casual Contact

21. SARS- Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness.
In 2003, illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia

22. SARS- Signs & Symptons
SARS begins with a high fever (temperature greater than °F [>38.0°C]).
Headache
Overall feeling of discomfort and body aches
Mild respiratory symptoms at the outset
10 to 20 % of patients have diarrhea
Dry Cough
Most patients develop pneumonia

23. SARS- Prevention Mask self and patient due to airborne droplets.
Avoid close contact. Examples:
Kissing or hugging
Sharing eating or drinking utensils
Talking to someone within 3 feet
Touching someone directly.

24. TB - Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, many cases, is a lethal infectious disease.
Usually attacks the lungs.
Is spread through the air when people who have an active TB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit their saliva through the air

25. TB – Tuberculosis Symptoms
Chronic cough
Fever
Night Sweats
Weight Loss

26. TB – Tuberculosis Prevention
Vaccine
Mask self and patient due to airborne droplets.
Avoid close contact. Examples:
Kissing or hugging
Sharing eating or drinking utensils
Talking to someone within 3 feet
Touching someone directly.

27. A TB skin test is the only way to find out if you have a TB infection

28. TB Skin Tests You should get test if you are exposed to a
person with active TB
Small amount of tuberculin is injected under
skin in lower arm
After 2 to 3 days the result is checked
Test should be given initially after exposure and if negative then 10 weeks after exposure.

29. If you test positive, the Doctor will order another test, Chest x- rays and blood work to confirm the results and begin treatment

30. Exposure Statistics - HBV 6 to 30% depending on source
Risk of Exposure from needle sticks or cut exposure:
- HBV 6 to 30% depending on source
- HCV 1.8%
- HIV 0.3%
Treatment for HBV/HIV exposure should start as soon as possible, preferably 24hrs.

31. Exposure Follow Up HBV- No follow up unless any symptoms appear
HCV- Antibody and liver enzyme levels as soon as possible after exposure and at 4-6 months after exposure. Check for virus 4-6 weeks after exposure.
HIV- Antibody as soon as possible after exposure (baseline) and periodically for at least 6 months after the exposure (6 weeks,12weeks, 6 months)

32. Airborne Pathogens
Any organism that cause disease that spreads throughout the environment via the air.

33. Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves
Goggles
Masks
Face Shields
Gowns and body suits

34. How Can We Protect Ourselves
Use gloves and eye protection
Barrier Devices
Hand Sanitizer
Wash your hands

35. Personal Protective Equipment
Use anytime there is a risk of exposure
Dispose in regular trash if not soiled
Dispose in red biohazard bag if soiled
Disinfect non-disposable with approved
disinfectant (Available at Fire Department)

36. Reasons why People fail to use PPE
Not necessary to use all the time
Using it causes work to be slowed down
Using it interferes with ability to do certain things
Just simply forgot to use it
Not available once got out of car or truck

37. Failure to use PPE
Is a violation of the OSHA standard and the Riceville Vol. Fire Department Policy. There are NO ACCEPTABLE EXCUSES

38. Gloves Should be appropriate size
Gloves will deteriorate with use of cleaners and disinfectants
Disposable, single use gloves should not be washed and re-used
Discoloration does not affect the integrity or function of the glove

39. Masks Surgical Masks Filter Out and Respirators filter in.
Primary function is to protect mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes from contamination with blood or other potentially infectious materials
Surgical Masks Filter Out and Respirators filter in.

40. Masks
If you wear a mask to cover you mouth, you must wear and eye shield or goggles
Masks should be worn when blood splashes are likely to occur
If you are using your eyeglasses as eye protection the glasses must have side shields

41. Gowns Always use a clean gown Gowns should fit comfortably
If blood soaks thru quickly remove and cleanse skin below it
If clothing is contaminated, DO NOT TAKE HOME TO CLEAN

42. The “Gotchas” Never blindly reach into any containers
Never assume that any bleeding is under control
Never assume that you know what body fluids are present

43. Clean up Contaminated items should NOT be cleaned in normal ways.
Special cleaners are used for decontamination.
Always ask for instructions if unsure of clean-up procedures.

44. Reporting Exposures
Always report suspected exposures to the incident commander and/or the Fire Chief.
Exposure Report Forms are located in the radio room filing cabinet.

45. Questions come from PowerPoint info as well as Exposure Control Plan.
Exam
Questions come from PowerPoint info as well as Exposure Control Plan.