California Mechanical Code

California Mechanical Code
2010 Chapter 3 & 4 LANES POINTS

General Requirements Installation
Chapter 3 General Requirements Installation LANES POINTS

Chapter 3 General Requirements
Scope This chapter covers general requirements for heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, refrigeration, miscellaneous heat-producing, and energy-utilizing equipment. Such equipment shall conform to the requirements of this code. Equipment shall not be installed or altered in violation of this code, nor shall the fuel input rate to equipment be increased in excess of the approved Btu/h (kW) rating at the altitude where it is being used. Defective material or parts shall be replaced in such a manner as not to invalidate any approval. LANES POINTS

Chapter 3 General Requirements Installation
303.1 Listed Appliances. Except as otherwise provided in the code, the installation of appliances regulated by this code shall conform to the conditions of listing. The appliance installer shall leave the manufacturer's installation and operating instructions attached to the appliance. Clearances of listed appliances from combustible materials shall be as specified in the listing or on the rating plate. LANES POINTS

“Listed appliances” as defined in Chapter 2 part 214.0: Listed and Listing. SFMJ "Listed" and "Listing" are terms referring to equipment or materials included in a list published by an approved testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of current productions of listed equipment or materials and which listing states that the material or equipment complies with approved nationally recognized codes, standards, or tests and has been tested or evaluated and found suitable for use in a specific manner. These terms shall also mean equipment or materials accepted by the State Fire Marshal as conforming to the provisions of these regulations and which are included in a list published by the State Fire Marshal. LANES POINTS

303.3 Unlisted Appliances. Unlisted appliances shall be installed with the standard clearances from combustible construction specified in Table 3-2. Unlisted appliances may have the standard clearances of Table 3-2 reduced by employing the forms of protection specified in Table 3-3. Forms of protection specified in Table 3-3 may be utilized to reduce clearances to combustible construction for all applicable appliances. LANES POINTS

303.2 Room Large in Comparison to Size of Equipment. Central-heating furnaces not listed for closet or alcove installation shall be installed in a room or space having a volume at least twelve (12) times the total volume of the furnace; central-heating boilers not listed for closet or alcove installation shall be installed in a room or space having a volume sixteen (16) times the volume of the boiler. [OSHPD 1, 2, 3 & 4] The total volume of the boilers shall be based on the total number of central-heating boilers that can operate at the same time. LANES POINTS

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303.4 Anchorage of Appliances. Appliances designed to be fixed in position shall be securely fastened in place. Supports for appliances shall be designed and constructed to sustain vertical and horizontal loads within the stress limitations specified in the Building Code. This means that the appliance (if suspended with straps or rods) must be prevented from having vertical and lateral movement. LANES POINTS

304.4 Anchorage of Appliances
Does this meet the sprit of the code? LANES POINTS

303.6 Identification of Equipment. When more than one heating, cooling, ventilating, or refrigerating system is installed on the roof of a building or within a building, it shall be permanently identified as to the area or space served by the equipment Paint on the unit’s control panel, with an identifier like the apartment or condo’s number is acceptable. LANES POINTS

303.6 Identification of Equipment
Easy to find the right condensing unit when well marked and identified. LANES POINTS

303.8 Equipment on Roofs. 304.1 Access to Equipment on Roofs. LANES POINTS

Door or Scuttle The inside means of access shall be a permanent or foldaway inside stairway or ladder, terminating in an enclosure, scuttle, or trap door. Such scuttles or trap doors shall be at least twenty-two (22) inches x twenty-four (24) inches (560 mm x 610 mm) in size, shall open easily and safely under all conditions, especially snow, and shall be constructed so as to permit access on the inside. LANES POINTS

Guards or Rails. At least six (6) ft. (1,829 mm) between any part of the equipment and the edge of a roof or similar hazard, or rigidly fixed rail, guards, parapets, or other building structures at least forty-two (42) inches (1,067 mm) in height shall be provided on the exposed side. LANES POINTS

303. 8. 1. 5 – Any panel 6 feet from the edge or guard
– Any panel 6 feet from the edge or guard rails 42” in height shall be provided LANES POINTS

Electrical Power. All equipment requiring an external source of electrical power for its operation shall be provided with: Readily accessible electrical disconnecting means within sight of the equipment. A 120 VAC grounding-type receptacle outlet on the roof adjacent to the equipment. The receptacle outlet shall be on the supply side of the disconnect switch. LANES POINTS

304.0 Service and Access to Equipment and Appliances. Equipment and appliances shall be accessible for inspection, service, repair, and replacement without removing permanent construction. Sufficient clearance shall be maintained to permit cleaning of heating surfaces; the replacement of filters, blowers, motors, burners, controls, and vent connections; the lubrication of moving parts where necessary; the adjustment and cleaning of burners and pilots; and the proper functioning of explosion vents, if provided. [NFPA 54-09:9.2.1] Unless otherwise specified, not less than thirty (30) inches (762 mm) in depth, width, and height of working space shall be provided. LANES POINTS

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Exception: Unit heaters and room heaters may be installed with an eighteen (18) inch (457 mm) minimum depth working space. A platform shall not be required for unit heaters or room heaters. The operating instructions shall be attached to the appliance where they can be read easily. LANES POINTS

304.1 Access to Equipment on Roofs. General. Equipment and appliances located on roofs or other elevated locations shall be accessible. [NFPA 54: ] Access from Inside. Buildings of more than fifteen (15) feet (4,572 mm) in height shall have an inside means of access to the roof, unless other means acceptable to the roof, unless other means acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction are used. [NFPA54: ] LANES POINTS

Should not have been approved. You can’t access this without breaking tiles. LANES POINTS

Door or Scuttle. The inside means of access shall be a permanent or foldaway inside stairway or ladder, terminating in an enclosure, scuttle, or trap door. Such scuttles or trap doors shall be at least twenty-two (22) inches x twenty-four (24) inches (560mm x 610 mm) in size, shall open easily and safely under all conditions, especially snow, and shall be constructed so as to permit access on the inside. LANES POINTS

Guards or Rails. At least six (6) feet (1,829 mm) of clearance shall be available between the access opening and the edge of the roof or similar hazard, or rigidly fixed rails or guards a minimum of forty-two (42) inches (1,067mm) in height shall be provided on the exposed side. Where parapets or other building structures are utilized in lieu of guards or rails, they shall be a minimum of forty-two (42) inches (1,067 mm) in height. [NFPA 54: ] LANES POINTS

This installation should not be allowed. Clearly it is unsafe to service. LANES POINTS

Permanent Lighting. Permanent lighting shall be provided at the roof access. The switch for such lighting shall be located inside the building near the access means leading to the roof. [NFPA 54: ] LANES POINTS

305.0 Automatic Control Devices Heating appliances shall be equipped with a listed device or devices that will shut off the fuel supply to the main burner or burners in the event of pilot or ignition failure. In addition, liquefied petroleum gas-air-burning heating appliances shall be equipped with a listed automatic device or devices that will shut off the flow of gas to the pilot in the event of ignition failure: LANES POINTS

305.0 Automatic Control Devices
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305.0 Automatic Control Devices Forced-air and gravity-type warm-air furnaces shall be equipped with a listed air outlet temperature limit control that cannot be set for temperatures higher than 250°F (121°C). Such controls shall be located in the bonnet or plenum, within two (2) feet (610 mm) of the discharge side of the heating LANES POINTS

306.0 Labeling. 306.1 Fuel-Burning Appliances. Fuel-burning heating appliances shall bear a permanent and legible factory-applied nameplate on which shall appear: The manufacturer’s name. The approved fuel input rating of the appliance, expressed in Btu/h (W). The model and serial number. Instructions for the lighting, operation, and shutdown of the appliance. The type of fuel approved for use with the appliance. The symbol of an approved agency certifying compliance of the equipment with recognized standards Required clearances from combustible surfaces on which or adjacent to which it may be mounted. LANES POINTS

307.1 Protection Against Damage. Appliances installed in garages, warehouses, or other areas subject to mechanical damage shall be guarded against such damage by being installed behind protective barriers or by being elevated or located out of the normal path of vehicles. Heating and cooling equipment located in a garage and that generates a glow, spark, or flame capable of igniting flammable vapors shall be installed with the pilots and burners or heating elements and switches at least eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) above the floor level. Where such appliances installed within a garage are enclosed in a separate, approved compartment having access only from outside of the garage, such appliances may be installed at floor level, provided the required combustion air is taken from and discharged to the exterior of the garage. LANES POINTS

308.0 Electrical Connections. Equipment regulated by this code requiring electrical connections of more than fifty (50) volts shall have a positive means of disconnect adjacent to and in sight from the equipment served. A 120 volt receptacle shall be located within twenty-five (25) feet (7,620 mm) of the equipment for service and maintenance purposes. The receptacle need not be located on the same level as the equipment. Low-voltage wiring of fifty (50) volts or less within a structure shall be installed in a manner to prevent physical damage. Some cities may require “direct high voltage wiring” to the appliance. LANES POINTS

309.1 Condensate Disposal. Condensate from air washers, air-cooling coils, fuel-burning condensing appliances, and the overflow from evaporative coolers and similar water-supplied equipment or similar air-conditioning equipment shall be collected and discharged to an approved plumbing fixture or disposal area. If discharged into the drainage system, equipment shall drain by means of an indirect waste pipe. The waste pipe shall have a slope of not less than 1/8 inch per foot (10.5 mm/m) or1 percent slope and shall be of approved corrosion-resistant material not smaller than the outlet size as required in either Section or for air-cooling coils or condensing fuel-burning appliances, respectively. Condensate or wastewater shall not drain over a public way. LANES POINTS

309.2 Condensate Control. When a cooling coil or cooling unit is located in an attic or furred space where damage may result from condensate overflow, an additional watertight pan of corrosion-resistant metal shall be installed beneath the cooling coil or unit top to catch the overflow condensate due to a clogged primary condensate drain, or one pan with a standing overflow and a separate secondary drain may be provided in lieu of the secondary drain pan. The additional pan or the standing overflow shall be provided with a drain pipe, minimum 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) nominal pipe size, discharging at a point that can be readily observed. This requirement is in addition to the requirements in Sections and LANES POINTS

309.4 Fuel-Burning Appliance Condensate Drains. Condensate drain lines from individual fuel-burning condensing appliances shall be sized according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Condensate drain lines serving more than one appliance shall be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction prior to installation. LANES POINTS

311.2 Air Filters. Air filters shall be installed in a heating; cooling, or makeup air system. Such filters shall comply with the standard, Air Filter Units, Test Performance of, that is referenced in Chapter 17, as Class I or II filters. Exception: Systems serving single guest rooms or dwelling units shall not require a listed filter. LANES POINTS

311.3 Prohibited Source. Outside or return air for a heating or cooling air system shall not be taken from the following locations: Closer than ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) from an appliance vent outlet, a vent opening of a plumbing drainage system, or the discharge outlet of an exhaust fan, unless the outlet is three (3) feet (914 mm) above the outside-air inlet. Where it is less than ten (10) feet above the surface of any abutting public way, driveway, sidewalk, street, alley or driveway. A hazardous or insanitary location or a refrigeration machinery room as defined in this code. From an area, the volume of which is less than 25 percent of the entire volume served by such system, unless there is a permanent opening to an area the volume of which is equal to 25 percent of the entire volume served. LANES POINTS

311.3 Prohibited Source. From an area, the volume of which is less than 25 percent of the entire volume served by such system, unless there is a permanent opening to an area the volume of which is equal to 25 percent of the entire volume served. EXCEPTION: Such openings when used for a heating or cooling air system in a dwelling unit shall be permitted to be reduced to not less than percent of the required area, provided the balance of the required return air is taken from a room or hall having not less than three (3) doors leading to other rooms served by the furnace. A closet, bathroom, toilet room, or kitchen. From rooms or spaces containing a fuel-burning appliance therein. Where such room or space serves as source of return air. There are additional exceptions and restrictions, see your CMC book. LANES POINTS

311.4 Return-Air Limitations: Return air from one dwelling unit shall not discharge into another dwelling unit through the heating or cooling air system. LANES POINTS

Ventilation And Air Supply
Chapter 4 Ventilation And Air Supply LANES POINTS

Chapter 4 Ventilation and Air Supply
401.0 General This chapter contains requirements for ventilation air supply and exhaust, evaporative cooling systems, and makeup-air requirements for direct-gas-fired heaters, industrial air heaters, and miscellaneous heaters. Most new construction since 2001 will have the ventilation engineering performed by a licensed engineer as per California Energy Code Requirements set in the Residential Compliance Manual I am presenting this information here to promote awareness of the need for proper ventilation. LANES POINTS

402.0 Ventilation Air 402.1 General Requirements. [Not permitted for OSHPD 1, 2, 3 & 4] [See section 4.04 through (SFM) All rooms and occupied spaces listed in Table 4-1 shall be designed to have ventilation (outdoor) air for occupants in accordance with this chapter. Ventilation air supply requirements for occupancies regulated by the California Energy Commission are found in the California Energy Code. LANES POINTS

402.2 Natural Ventilation. Use of natural ventilation systems designed in accordance with this section shall be permitted in lieu of or in conjunction with mechanical ventilation systems. [ASHRAE 62.1:5.1] Exception: An engineered natural ventilation system when approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction need not meet the requirements of and [ASHRAE 62.1:5.1] LANES POINTS

Location and Size of Openings. Naturally ventilated spaces shall be permanently open to and within twenty-five (25) feet (7,620 mm) of operable wall or roof openings to the outdoors, the openable area of which is a minimum of 4 percent of the net occupiable floor area. Where the openings are covered with louvers or otherwise obstructed, openable area shall be based on the free unobstructed area through the opening. Where interior spaces without direct openings to the outdoors are ventilated through adjoining rooms, the opening between rooms shall be permanently unobstructed and have a free area of not less than 8 percent of the area of the interior room nor less than 25 ft2 (2.3 m2). [ASHRAE 62.1:5.1.1] LANES POINTS

Control and Accessibility. The means to open required operable openings shall be readily accessible to building occupants whenever the space is occupied. [ASHRAE 62.1:5.1.2] LANES POINTS

402.3 Mechanical Ventilation. Where natural ventilation is not permitted by this section or the Building Code, mechanical ventilation systems shall be designed, constructed, and installed to provide a method of supply air and exhaust air. The system shall operate so that all rooms and spaces are continuously provided with the required ventilation rate while occupied. LANES POINTS

403.0 Ventilation Rates. [Not permitted for OSHPD 1, 2, 3 & 4] The design outdoor air intake flow rate for a ventilation system shall be determined in accordance with Sections through 403.6: Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness Zone Outdoor Airflow LANES POINTS

403.2 Single-Zone Systems. When one air handler supplies a mixture of outdoor air and recirculated air to only one zone, the outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-3. [ASHRAE 62.1:6.2.3] LANES POINTS

403.2 Single-Zone Systems Vot = Outdoor air intake flow Voz = Zone outdoor airflow [ ] Vbz = breathing zone outdoor airflow [ ] Ez = system ventilation efficiency [found in table 4 – 3] (see CMC section related to ventilation for complete math formulae) Vot = Vbz / Ez LANES POINTS

What if I had a 3 bedroom 2 bath 1200 square foot residential home, ceiling supply and ceiling return, that required ventilation to meet the new CMC standard under ASHREA standard 62.1 # of people = # of bedrooms + 1 Facts: 1200 square feet 4 occupants Ceiling diffusers and return LANES POINTS

403.2 Single-Zone Systems Vot = Voz [403.2] Vot = (Vbz / Ez) [ using Table 4 - 1] Vot = (RpPz + RaAz) / Ez[ using Table 4- 2] Rp = outdoor airflow rate required per person as determined from Table 4 – 1 Pz = Zone Population [The largest number of people expected to occupy the zone during typical usage] Ra = outdoor airflow rate required per unit area as determined from Table 4 – 1 Az = Zone Floor Area LANES POINTS

Vot = (RpPz + RaAz) / Ez Vot = (5 * 4) + (0.06 * 1200) / 1.0) Vot = Vot = 92 cfm Total ventilation required for a 1200 sq. ft. 3 bedroom home with ceiling supply / return single zone [single system] = 92 cfm LANES POINTS

You would provide exhaust ventilation through the bathroom exhaust at a rate of 50 cfm per bathroom while having a fresh air intake on the heating and air conditioning system return using a barometric damper and filters to provide make-up air. This balance would meet ASHREA 62.1 (The exhaust would pull air through the HVAC system – although not running 24/7) LANES POINTS

% Outdoor Air Systems 403.4 Multiple Zone Recalculating Systems System Ventilation Efficiency Outdoor Air Intake 403.5 Design for Varying Operating Conditions 403.6 Dynamic Reset 403.7 Exhaust Ventilation LANES POINTS

403.8 Exhaust Ventilation for Enclosed Parking Garages. Exhaust airflow for enclosed parking garages shall be provided in accordance with the requirements in Table 4-4 and this Section. Exhaust makeup air shall be permitted to be any combination of outdoor air or transfer air. LANES POINTS

Exhaust Inlet Distribution. To ensure proper exhaust of contaminated air and fumes from parking garages, exhaust systems utilizing multiple exhaust inlets shall be designed so that exhaust inlets are distributed in such a manner that no portion of the parking garage is more than 50 feet ( mm) from an exhaust inlet. Such exhaust inlets shall be installed so that the highest elevation of the exhaust inlet is no greater than 12 inches (305 mm) below the lowest ceiling level. Exception: Garage exhaust systems designed without distributed exhaust inlets shall have their exhaust inlets designed based on the principles of engineering and mechanics and shall provide the minimum required exhaust rate in Table 4-4. LANES POINTS

404.0 Makeup Air. Makeup-air requirements for direct gas-fired heaters, industrial air heaters, and miscellaneous heaters are found in Chapters 5 and 9 LANES POINTS

405.0 Evaporative Cooling Systems Evaporative cooling systems shall comply with this chapter. Evaporative cooling systems shall be provided with outside air as specified for cooling systems in this code. Air ducts and fire dampers that are a portion of an evaporative cooling system shall comply with this code. LANES POINTS

405.3 Installation. An evaporative cooler supported by the building structure shall be installed on a substantial level base and shall be secured directly or indirectly to the building structure by suitable means to prevent displacement of the cooler. Modifications made to the supporting framework of buildings as a result of the installation shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Building Code. Openings in exterior walls shall be flashed in an approved manner in accordance with the requirements of the Building Code. An evaporative cooler supported directly by the ground shall be isolated from the ground by a level concrete slab extending not less than three (3) inches (76 mm) above the adjoining ground level. An evaporative cooler supported on an aboveground platform shall be elevated at least six (6) inches (152 mm) above adjoining ground level. LANES POINTS

405.4 Evaporative Cooling System for Health Care Facilities. [For OSHPD 1, 2, 3 & 4] Direct evaporative cooling systems where the air directly contacts the wetted surface or spray shall be limited in health facilities to non-patient areas such as laundry rooms, food preparation areas, and boiler or machinery rooms. Similar rooms with high heating producing equipment will be considered when specifically approved by the enforcing agency. The evaporative pads shall be a synthetic type. Filters shall be required in accordance with Tables 4-B and 4-C except utility rooms, i.e.: boiler or machinery rooms. LANES POINTS

407.0 Ventilation System Details. [OSHPD 1,2, 3 & General All supply-air, return air, and exhaust-air systems shall be mechanically operated and such systems for areas listed in Table 4-A shall be operated continuously. Natural ventilation through windows or other openings such as louvers will be considered as supplemental to the required mechanical ventilation systems. Exceptions: LANES POINTS

Natural ventilation shall not be used in airborne infection isolation rooms and protective environment rooms. The number of air changes may be reduced to 25 percent of the indicated value in Table 4-A, when the room is unoccupied, if provisions are made to ensure the following: The number of air changes per hour indicated is reestablished whenever the space is occupied. The pressure relationship with the surrounding rooms is maintained when the air changes per hour are reduced. See CMC entire text for complete exemptions LANES POINTS

[OSHPD 1, 2, 3, 4] 407.2 Outdoor Air Intakes and Exhaust Outlets 407.3 Air Balance 407.4 Air Circulation 408.0 Filters 409.0 Ducts 410.0 Laboratory ventilation systems 411.0 Kitchen and Dining Areas 412.0 Boiler, mechanical and electrical rooms 413.0 Odorous Rooms 414.1 Exhaust Systems There are additional parts to Chapter 4 specifically address those areas for OSHPD 1, 2, 3, 4] See CMC text for more informaton. LANES POINTS

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