1. Historical landscape structures as an important part of rural tourism developement Renáta Cihlárová Technical university of Zvolen Faculty of ecology and environmental sciences Department of landscape planning and design

2. Natural characteristicsAnthropic activity HARMONIC LANDSCAPE – atractivness for tourists “Landscape” means an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors /European landscape convention, Florence, 2000/

3. BUCOVINA LANDSCAPE

4. What are historical landscape structures?  part of every landscape  cultural heritage  remnants of the history /more than 50 years/  legible as dominants or hidden elements of land structure

5. Historical agristructures  Related to primary landscape structures anthroporelief /terraces/  Related to secondary landscape structures =shapes and arrangement of landscape cover - /cropfields, pastures, dwelling/  Related to terciary landscape structures - socio-economical relations /trees, stones as a boundaries elements /

6. WHAT IS TYPICAL ? WHAT IS SPECIFIC ? – NON REPETETIVE CHARACTERISTIC LANDSCAPE APPEARANCE = atractivness for tourists EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION Florence 2000, Slovakia 2005 Acknowledging that the quality and diversity of European landscapes constitute a common resource, and that it is important to co-operate towards its protection, management and planning

7. Identification of interests areas Criterias : - dispersed settlements -presence of historical agristructures -montanious and submontanious areas

8. Panoráma č.1 Stanovište: Orná pôda pod lomom Dátum: 19.9.2007 Aspekt: Jesenný Smer pohľadu: S-V, Uhol pohľadu: 145 0 Panoráma č.2 Stanovište: Orná pôda pod lomom Dátum: 19.9.2007 Aspekt: Jesenný Smer pohľadu: S-V, Uhol pohľadu: 110 0 Panoráma č.3 Stanovište: Detva sídlisko 19.9.2007 Aspekt: Jesenný Smer pohľadu: J-Z-S, Uhol pohľadu:145 0 1 2 3

9. Aerial prospection

11. Agrarian terraces in Petercova locality

13. Agrostructures types related to the landscape type isolated linear type in wooden land fragmented different shaped in agricultural land compact linear type in agricultural land

15. REPRESENTATIVE patterns unique features - characteristic landscape appearance combination of natural conditions, socio-economic and geopolitic factors Arrangement of agristructures, disperesed settlements and non-forest wooden species = patches – create landscape patterns WHAT IS VALUABLE ?

16. plated forms with perimeter of non-forest wooden speciies Biele Karpaty linear terraces, on the higher slope, specific in woodland / but dissapearing/ Ostrôžky Polygonal landscape patterns around settlements Kysuce UNIQUENESS landscape patterns – rate of landscape arrangement – characteristic landscape apperance

17. A –maintenaned structures occurence of anthropic activity, no succesion B – maintenaned modified structures anthropic activity regression, structures are still well legible, occurence of succesion species < 25% / Prunus spinosa, Rosa sp., Juniperus communis C – modified structres anthropic activity for no longer time, legibility is dissapearing, succesion species > 25% Corylus avellana Identification of current status – level of maintenance

18. Pm² Stupeň sukcesiedifúzny centrálny zárastokrajový zárastiné prvky P1 730 02 Quercus robur, Salix caprea, Rosa canina, Betula pendula Rosa canina, Rubus sp., Corylus avellana lúčny sad - Prunus sp., Malus domestica P2 440 02 Rubus sp., Corylus avellana, Prunus avium, Rosa caninaCorylus avellana, Svida sanguinea, P3 130 03 Rubus sp., Rosa canina, Salix caprea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior P4 430 02 Rubus sp., Rosa canina, Corylus avellanaCorylus avellana P5 850 02Sambucus nigra Corylus avellana,Rubus sp., Svida sanguinea, P6 230 02Fraxinus excelsior Rubus sp., Corylus avellana, Svida sanguinea, P7 760 01 Corylus avellana,Rubus sp., Svida sanguinea, P8 130 002 Crataegus laevigata, Sambucus nigra, Svida sanguinea, Ligustrum vulgare, Corylus avellana, Rubus sp. lúčny sad - Prunus avium, Malus domestica, Pyrus communis P9 170 003 Betula pendula, Acer pseudoplatanus Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Corylus avellana, Betula pendula, solitéry- Quercus petraea, Pyrus communis a Prunus avium P10 150 002 Quercus petraea, Fagus sylvatica P11 540 01Rubus sp. Rubus sp., Corylus avellana, Ligustrum vulgare, determination of significant species

19. Combination of historic agrostructures types and level of maintenance Most representative: linear historic agristructures in agricultural land type, in the level of maintenace B / regression of human activity, presence of legibilty and succesion under 25 %/ = threatened structures

20. Statistics with other landcape attributes Relief dissection AspectSlope Distance from settlement

21. Map of regulations CRITERIAS of preserving/maintenance areas The most valuable patches in characteristic landscape appearance = attractive for tourists Economical factor o level of maintenance /level C is not considered to be managed, because of an amount of energy imported / o distance from the settlement / more remoted structures are more difficult to maintenain/

22. Touristic paths and trails across the most valuable historical landscape with panoramatic views 7

23. WHAT? WHERE? WHY? HOW? National rural development programme /2007- 2013/ – supplies for farmers in areas with disadvantaged coditions According to European landscape convention /Florence 2000, Slovakia 2005/ protection of characteristic landscape features In slovak laws – protection and maintenance of significant landscape elements, landscape appearance and scenery, characteristic views, panoramas.....but no obligation to make case studies Agrotourism development – cooperation with stakeholders and landowners National landscape revitalisation programme of integrated river basins managment /2011/ - Importance of retaining, storing and draining abilities of historical agrostructures

24. Thank you for your attention!